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CELL THEORY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cell theory | Cells are the basic units of life |
| Why is cell theory considered a foundational concept in biology | It explains that all living organisms are composed of cells |
| Who coined the term 'cell' | Robert Hooke |
| When was the term 'cell' coined | 1665 |
| What did Van Leeuwenhoek discover | Bacteria and protozoa |
| What did other scientists discover with improved microscopes | Different components inside cells |
| What are the three fundamental principles of Cell Theory | All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, All cells arise from a pre-existing cell through cell division |
| What are the three principles of the Classical Cell Theory | All organisms are composed of one or more cells, The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things, All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells |
| What are the additional statements to the original Cell Theory | 1. The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division. 2. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities. 3. All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried o |
| Who were the key scientists involved in the development of cell theory | Robert Hooke |
| What was Robert Hooke's contribution to the development of cell theory | Discovery of cells |
| Who was the first man to witness a live cell under a microscope | Antony van Leeuwenhoek |
| What did Leeuwenhoek name the moving organisms he observed | animalcules |
| What year did Leeuwenhoek describe the algae Spirogyra | 1674 |
| Who were the two contributors of the Cell Theory | Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann |
| What did Matthias Schleiden believe about cell walls | He believed they were due to a crystallization process |
| What do we now know about cell walls | They are created in the cell division process |
| Who is Theodore Schwann | German physiologist |
| What did Schwann discover about cells | Similarities between plant and animal cells |
| When did Schleiden state that new plant cells were formed | 1837 |
| What is the title of Schwann's book | Microscopical Researches into the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants |
| What is the heart of Cell Theory | All living things are composed of cells |
| Who were instrumental in creating Cell Theory | Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden |
| Who expanded the Cell Theory in 1857 | Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow |
| What is Rudolf Virchow known as | Father of Pathology |
| What was the title of his editorial essay | Cellular Pathology |
| What Latin phrase did he use to popularize the concept of cell theory | omnis cellula a cellula |
| Who were the botanist and zoologist influenced by his work | Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann |
| What are eukaryotes | Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists |
| What is a prokaryotic cell | A simple, single-celled organism without a nucleus |
| Where is prokaryotic DNA found | In the nucleoid |
| What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells | Protection, shape maintenance, and prevention of dehydration |
| What is the cell wall of bacteria made of | Peptidoglycan |
| What is the function of the capsule in bacteria | To attach to surfaces |
| What are flagella used for in prokaryotes | Locomotion |
| What is a eukaryotic cell | A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles |
| What does eukaryotic mean | True nucleus |
| What does organelle mean | Little organ |
| What are the specialized functions of organelles similar to | Organs of the body |
| What does Figure 3.6 show | Relative sizes of cells and cellular components |
| What is the comparison made in Figure 3.6 | Adult human |
| What are the four common components that all cells share | A plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes |
| What is the function of the plasma membrane | To separate the cell's interior from its surrounding environment |
| What is cytoplasm | A jelly-like region within the cell where other cellular components are found |
| What is DNA | The genetic material of the cell |
| What is the function of ribosomes | To synthesize proteins |
| What are the major subcellular organelles | Control center (stores DNA), Nucleolus (produces ribosomes), and Plasma Membrane (controls passage into and out of the cell) |
| What is the function of the control center in a cell | To store DNA |
| What is the function of the nucleolus in a cell | To produce ribosomes |
| What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell | To control passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell |
| What provides structure to the cell and is a gel-like fluid in which organelles are found | Cytoplasm |
| What is known as the powerhouse of the cell and releases energy from food | Mitochondria |
| What are the small structures responsible for protein synthesis | Ribosomes |
| What modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids | Golgi Apparatus |
| What modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| What acts as the garbage disposal and is responsible for the digestion of macromolecules and recycling of worn out organelles | Lysosomes |
| What is responsible for storage and transport, as well as the digestive function in plant cells | Vacuoles |
| What is the site of photosynthesis and traps sunlight to make food | Chloroplasts |
| What provides protection, structural support, and maintenance of cell shape | Cell Wall |
| What separates the cell from the external environment and controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, and wastes into and out of the cell | Cell Membrane |
| What is the function of cytoplasm | Provides structure to cell; site of many metabolic reactions |
| Where is the nucleolus located | Inside the nucleus |
| What is the function of the nucleus | Houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins |
| What is the function of mitochondria | ATP production or cellular respiration |
| What is the function of peroxisomes | Oxidizes and breaks down fatty acids and amino acids; detoxifies poisons |
| What is the function of vesicles and vacuoles | Storage and transport; digestive function in plant cells |
| What is the role of the centrosome in animal cells | Unspecified role in cell division |
| What is the role of lysosomes in cells | Digestion of macromolecules |
| What is the function of the cell wall | Protection, structural support, and maintenance of cell shape |
| What is the main function of chloroplasts | Photosynthesis |
| What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum | Modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids |
| What does the Golgi apparatus do | Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins |
| What is the function of the cytoskeleton | Maintains cell's shape, secures organelles, allows movement |
| What is the function of flagella | Cellular locomotion |
| What is the function of cilia | Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration |
| What is chromatin | Master set of directions for making proteins. Contents are in the form of Genes & DNA. |
| What is the cytoskeleton | A network of long fibers that makeup the cell’s structural framework. |
| What are the functions of the cytoskeleton | Determining cell shape, participating in cell division, directing the movement of organelles |
| What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum | Containment and isolation of substances for manufacturing processes |
| What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum | Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum | Synthesize new proteins |
| What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Synthesize lipids |
| What does the unified cell theory state that all living things are composed of | one or more |
| What proposed that all living things are composed of one or more cells | the unified cell theory |
| What two BROAD CATEGORIES do CELLS FALL INTO | PROKARYOTIC and EUKARYOTIC |
| What are the predominant single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea classified as | prokaryotes |
| Which domains are classified as prokaryotes | Bacteria and Archaea |
| What do smooth ER play a role in | carbohydrate and drug metabolism |
Created by:
kittychez