Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Patho
Midterm study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Whats expected? | Intracellular dehydration |
| For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include: | kidney excretion of H+. |
| Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? | Carbonic acid/bicarbonate |
| When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of water balance is closely related to the balance of: | Sodium |
| A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) | Confusion, Weakness, Nausea, Muscle twitching |
| While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have: | decreased muscle mass |
| A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: | increased plasma osmolality. |
| A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond? The antigen is: | alive, but less infectious. |
| The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n): | genetic defect. |
| A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely? | T-lymphocyte deficiency |
| When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of: | autoimmunity |
| When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? | Alloimmune |
| An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant’s history and physical? | The baby is Rh positive. |
| A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. What blood type would cause this? | A-AB |
| A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is: | serum sickness. |
| What genetic disorder is the result if an individual possesses an XXY chromosome configuration? | Klinefelter |
| Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males? | Muscular dystrophy |
| To express a polygenic trait: | several genes must act together. |
| A biologist is explaining how RNA directs the synthesis of protein. Which process is the biologist describing? | Translation |
| a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and a reduced carrying angle at the elbow. | Turner syndrome |
| A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the following would be a complementary strand? | TAGCCTAG |
| A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of: | genomic imprinting. |
| What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? | It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury. |
| An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her vulnerable to falls, functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient is experiencing: | Fraility |
| While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to: | die |
| A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause? | Caseous necrosis |
| A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Exam of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. Type of cellular adaptation? | metaplasia. |
| A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular: | calcium |
| A patient has been reading on the Internet that light to moderate intake of alcohol is cardioprotective. When the patient asks the nurse what this means, the nurse should respond that the heart is protected by which of the following mechanisms? | Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Prevention of clot formation , Reduction in platelet aggregation, Decrease blood pressure |
| A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as: | pathologic hyperplasia |
| An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the following is the oncologist describing? | Anaplasia |
| A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage: | 3 |
| What is the effect of telomere caps on cancer cells? | Repeated divisions |
| A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development. What is the best example the nurse should give? | Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer |
| The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to: | cigarette smoke. |
| A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond? Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and: | Radon |
| A patient develops skin cancer on the head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of the following cancers is most likely? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism’s development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining? | Developmental plasticity |
| A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss? | Leukemia |
| The nurse explains to a parent that young children diagnosed with Down syndrome are at higher risk for developing: | Leukemia |
| What is the origin of most childhood cancers? | Mesodermal germ layer |
| Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumor? | Usually manifested around age 5 |
| A patient scrapes both knees while playing soccer and reports sharp and well-localized pain. Which of the following should the nurse document to most accurately characterize the pain? | Somatic pain |
| A 15 year old is diagnosed with an outer ear infection. Which of the following is most likely to cause this infection? | Escherichia coli |
| What is the physiologic response when the body’s core temperature is altered due to prolonged exposure to a cold environment? | Ischemic tissue damage |
| Which finding indicates the patient is having complications from heat stroke? | Cerebral edema and degeneration of the CNS |
| A 65-year-old patient who recently suffered a cerebral vascular accident is now unable to recognize and identify objects by touch because of injury to the sensory cortex. How should the nurse document this finding? | Agnosia |
| A 16-year-old male fell off the bed of a pickup truck and hit his forehead on the road. He now has resistance to passive movement that varies proportionally with the force applied. He is most likely suffering from: | Paratonia |
| A patient with an addiction to alcohol checked into a rehabilitation center as a result of experiencing delirium, inability to concentrate, and being easily distracted. What term would be used to document this state? | Acute confusional state |
| When thought content and arousal level are intact but a patient cannot communicate and is immobile, the patient is experiencing: | locked-in syndrome. |
| Which information is basic to the assessment findings associated with a patient diagnosed with an aneurysm? | The majority are asymptomatic. |
| A 30-year-old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his stroke? | Diabetes |
| Six weeks ago a patient suffered a T6 spinal cord injury. What complication does the nurse suspect when the patient develops a blood pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia? | Autonomic hyperreflexia |
| Most causes of encephalitis are which of the following? | Viral |
| A patient diagnosed with a diffuse brain injury (DBI) is at increased risk for which complication? | Acute Brain Swelling |
| A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor. Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Dandy-Walker deformity |
| What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly? | An autosomal recessive gene |
| A 10 year old presents with headache and seizures. CT scan reveals a tumor that is located near the pituitary gland. Which of the following is the most likely tumor type? | Craniopharyngioma |
| A 3 year old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis? | Neisseria meningitidis |
| What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life? | Craniosynostosis |
Created by:
mgtupou23