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Unit 4 Marine Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water depth | strongly influences life due to sunlight only reaching a relatively short distance through the water |
| More light | = more life for photosynthesis to occur |
| Depth also influences _______ | pressure |
| __________ near the equator and _______ near the poles | warm, cold |
| Temperature varies with depth, with the deepest parts of oceans being _________ | colder |
| Sun warms the surface forcing the cooler water ____ and creating a ______ | down, current |
| As salinity increases, it _______ creating a _______ | sinks, current |
| thermohaline circulation | Temperature and salinity are the two main factors that determine the movement of currents |
| Organisms need certain substances, such as ____________, ____________, __________ and ____________ | oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, |
| The availability of these substances vary with ___________ ________ ________ which affects the types of organisms that can survive in an area | bodies of water |
| Abiotic factors | Salinity, Sunlight, Temperature, Nutrients (Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen), Currents, Turbidity , Tides |
| Biotic Factors: | Plants & Plankton, Organisms, Bacteria , Symbiosis, Humans |
| Bacteria exist in a variety of _____ and ______ | shapes, sizes |
| Bacteria ______ _______ dead organic matter into small particles that provide ________ for other organisms | break down, nutrition |
| __________ is the most important bacteria to a marine environment | Cyanobacteria |
| Cyanobacteria breaks down _________ into usable forms | nitrogen |
| Organisms that drift/float | plankton |
| Phytoplankton | plant-like organisms that carry out photosynthesis (make their own energy) |
| Zooplankton | animal-like organisms that form the base of the food chain (eat phytoplankton) |
| Most abundant plant in the ocean producing ____ of the world’s oxygen through photosynthesis (___________) | 80%, phytoplankton |
| Phytoplankton are carried by ________, ___________, ________ (______) | waves, tides, and currents (drift) |
| Phytoplankton typically have _________ ___________ to increase their _________ _________ and _______ ______ in their bodies which allow them to be ______ (float) | long projections, surface area, store oils, buoyant |
| Types of phytoplankton | Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Coccolithophorids |
| Diatoms are primary producers in both the _______ and ________ | ocean, freshwater |
| Diatoms are __________ in color and come in a ________ of _________ | yellow-brown, variety, shapes |
| Over _________ species of diatoms exist in the ocean and are _______ | 6,000, planktonic |
| The diatoms _____ ______ in the shells are used for ____ and ________ exchange | tiny pores, gas, nutrient |
| Dinoflagellates are mostly ___________ and have two ________ for motion | photosynthetic, flagella |
| Each species of dinoflagellates have a unique _________ and some are even ____________ | shape, bioluminescent |
| Dinoflagellates are most common in _________ ____________ ______ | warm, tropical waters |
| Certain species of dinoflagellates live _____ organisms while others are capable of reproducing in _______ numbers, often creating harmful __________ _________ | within, large, algae blooms |
| Some _______ blooms produce a _____ that causes massive ______ in fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and can impair the _________ ______of humans (pathogen) | algae, toxin, extinctions, nervous system |
| Red tides | harmful algae blooms |
| In order to create a red tide the dinoflagellates need | sun, slow moving water (reservoir), nutrients (nitrogen) |
| Red tides can be caused by about ____ species of dinoflagellate | 60 |
| Dinoflagellates produce extremely dangerous toxins and create ______ ______ in the water | dead zones |
| Red tides are on the rise do to ________ ________ and _______ _______ which can lead to more frequent and harmful blooms | climate change, human activity |
| They have become a national concern because they not only affect the health of people and marine ecosystems, but they also affect the _________/ _________that depend on the ocean | economy/industries |
| Coccolithophorids | Surrounded by calcium carbonate scales known as coccoliths over time converting CO2 into limestone |
| Coccolithophorids production of calcium carbonate which helps _________ the amount of _________ ___________ in the ocean | reduce, carbon dioxide |
| Dinoflagellate are _______ ________ in color | red-brown |
| Diatoms used as __________ indicator | environmental |
| Diatoms in _______ water | cold |
| Dinoflagellate in _________ water | warm |
| Diatoms are the __________ type of phytoplankton | common |
| decomposers | organisms that breakdown dead or decaying organisms.decomposers |
| osmoregulators | organism that actively controls the amount of salt in their bodies no matter their environment |
| red-tide | Large concentrations of microorganisms; usually called algal blooms |
| zooplankton | Microscopic animals that use the ocean currents to drift |
| nekton | Marine organisms that can swim freely of ocean currents |
| pathogens | Small disease causing microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites |
| phytoplankton | Microscopic plants that use the ocean currents to drift |
| benthos | Marine organism that lives on the ocean's floor |
| osmoconformers | Organisms that match the salinity content of their environment. |
| vertical migration | daily rhythmic movement of organisms on the seafloor to the surface during the night |
| zooplankton use ___________ ______________ __________ | diurnal (verical) migration |
| Zooplankton are typically ________ than phytoplankton and can _______ make their own food therefore eat ____________ | larger, NOT, phytoplankton |
| With a abundance of _________________, organisms take advantage of this as either a larval form or as an adult | phytoplankton |
| The types of zooplankton are | holoplankton and meroplankton |
| Holoplankton | Organisms that spend their entire life as plankton |
| Meroplankton | Organisms that spend part of their life as plankton |
| Holoplankton example | copepods and shrimp like plankton |
| Meroplankton example | fish larvae |
| Copepods are the _______ abundant type and feed on __________, ________ eye and two joined ___________ | most, diatoms, single, antennae |
| Shrimp-like plankton are either __________ __________ and __________ | brine shrimp and plankton |
| Brine shrimp (_______ ___________) that swim _____ _________ using gills and they eat _______ | sea monkey's, upside down, algae |
| Krill are found in __________ ___________ rich waters Important part of the food chain | cold nutrient, |
| Meroplankton include _________ larvae, molluscs ______, ____________ larvae, echinoderm ________, ________ larvae, _______ eggs | barnacle, larvae, crustacean, larvae, fish, fish |
| Most of meroplankton species become __________ or ________ _________ organisms as adults | benthic, bottom dwelling |
| Seaweed | referred to as marine algae |
| Seaweed lacks ________, _________ and _________ of plants | leaves, stems, roots |
| Thallus | body |
| Blades | leaf like structure |
| Stipes | stem-like structure |
| Holdfast | rootlike structure |
| seaweed is mostly ________ and photosynthetic with simple reproductive structures | aquatic, reproductive |
| seaweed categorized by colors from the photosynthetic pigments and concentrations | green algae, brown algae, and red algae |
| Green seaweed/algae | 7000 species with 10% in the marine |
| Brown seaweed/algae: _______ species – almost ____marine , _______, _____ waters | 1,800, all, shallow, cold |
| Examples of brown seaweed/algae | kelp, rock weeds, sargarrum, sea lettuce |
| Kelp is found in _________ and _______locations and is the _______ of the seaweeds | temperature, polar, largest |
| Giant kelp can grow to __________ of ____ in length | hundred, feet |
| Kelp forests are one of the most ___________ ecosystems and high ___________ or organisms (many different species) | productive, biodiversity |
| Sargassum forms ____________ ________ in the _______ Ocean which help ______ small species in the open ocean such as ____________ ___ _____ | floating mats, Atlantic, protect, baby sea turtles |
| Brown Algae most ________ & __________ algae in the ocean | common, largest |
| Red algae: ____________ species, almost _______ marine | 6000, all |
| Red algae is the most _________ and __________ of all the seaweed | abundant, widespread |
| Red algae is found in _______ or _______ ________ waters, some can be found in _______ waters | warm, cold, shallow and deeper |
| An example of red algae is | coralline algae |
| Green algae is most common in ____________ water | freshwater |
| Sea lettuce _______ out during low tide but stays alive until _____ tide returns | dries, high |
| Coralline is __________ _________ red algae and secretes calcium ________ in cell walls | most common, carbonate |
| Seaweeds are also important ____________ as many are used in ________ and _______ we purchase | commercially, foods/products |
| kelp – used as an ______ for many foods and product | emulsifier |
| Red seaweeds - used as a ___________ agent in ________products and some are used in the ___________ industry | thickening, dairy, healthcare |
| Example of red seaweed is used is in | foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and canned meats |
| Seagrass | 70 marine species |
| Seagrass is found in ________ waters and some __________ | tropical, temperate |
| Seagrass are _________ plants that produce _________ and _______ are carried by __________ or through ______ from animals that eat them | flowering, pollen, seeds, currents, waste |
| Sea plants such as mangroves consist of ____ species living only in _________ and _________ areas | 70, tropical, subtropical |
| Mangroves have _______ __________ that are exposed during ________tide (walking trees) | prop roots, low |
| Mangrove forests are highly _________ ecosystems that provide ________ for marine and ________ based animals | productive, habitats, land |
| Seagrass found in ______ ________ & _________ water from ______to _______ | shallow, salty, brackish, tropic, arctic |
| mangrove found in ________, ____________, _______ areas | muddy, hot, salty |
| Pneumatophore | in mangroves beside the prop roots and is an aerial root specialized for gaseous exchange |
| The aerial root systems of mangrove trees provide a hard substrate for the attachment of__________ __________ | epiphytic algae |
| root of mangrove attachment examples are | such as diatoms and blue-green algae |
| Which of the following is not part of the niche (job or role) of phytoplankton in the open ocean? | decomposition of dying organisms |
| What are the jobs of phytoplankton? | oxygen production, carbon transport to the seafloor, food source |
| Which of the following is not a plant? | kelp |
| What typically causes plankton blooms along coast line? | increased nutrients |
| Where do you NOT find mangroves on this planet? and why not? | Europe - too cold |
| Blue carbon habitats are important specifically because of their ability to | remove carbon from the atmosphere or the water column and transport it to the seafloor when they die |
| Which of the following is NOT an ideal nursery habitat? | open ocean |
| What are ideal nursery habitats? | Mangroves, Seagrass bed, Kelp Forest |
| Which of the following is NOT a condition needed for these young mangroves to grow? | cold water |
| If a large pod of orca whales moved into an area and began to hunt the local sea otter population, what would you expect to happen to the density of the kelp forest? | it would decrease |
| Red tides along the Gulf Coast are caused by | dinoflagellates that create toxins called brevetoxins |
| Copepods - Antennae | Used for capturing food with filtering process of water for small particles and phytoplankton for feeding |
| Setae | Used to sense changes in the water movement and flow for navigation and food, detects chemical signs for mates/predators |
| Egg sack | To protect and carry developing eggs until they hatch and is attached to female copepods body |
| Caudal Rami/Furca | Back appendages to propel copepod through the water for balance/stability when swimming, taxonomic identification. |
| Red tide caused by pollution in water ________ outbreak, from drain water from hurricane that contain _______ fertilizers from local agriculture | K. Brevis, toxic |
| Copepods reproduce ________ | sexually, once fertilzered by female until ready to release, in egg sack to protect developing egg before hatch, attached to female release to hatch tiny larvae |
Created by:
AlanaRam1