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physio quiz q's
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most coagulation factors are synthesized by what organ? | liver |
| the fundamental repeating unit of the myofibril, called a _______, gives skeletal muscle its striated appearance and is bordered by ______. | sarcomere; Z line |
| polycythemia is best defined as a | high than normal concentration of erythrocytes |
| the contractile portion of the thin filament is composed of what protein? | actin |
| the shortening of a skeletal muscle fiber during contraction involves which of the following? | the sarcomere shortening |
| the repeated, oscillating interaction between actin and myosin which results in the generation of force by a skeletal muscle cell is called what? | crossbridge cycling |
| contraction of skeletal muscle fibers is stimulated by what type of neuron? | motor |
| what is the function of T tubules? | they conduct action potentials from the sarcolemma to the interior of the muscle cell |
| which statement best describes the function of fibrinogen? | it is the key substance in the formation of blood clots |
| what is a motor unit? | a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates |
| what structure, composed of connective tissue, transmits force from contracting skeletal muscle to bone? | tendon |
| which of the following generates the mechanical force of a muscle through crossbridge cycling? | actin and myosin |
| calcium is stored in what region of skeletal muscle cells? | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| a skeletal muscle is composed of a bundle of ____, each composed of many muscle fibers wrapped by connective tissue | fasicles |
| what is the driving force for blood flow through the systemic circuit? | mean arterial pressure |
| the high compliance of veins allows them to | accommodate large volumes of blood with little change in pressure |
| a person goes to the doctor and is told his blood pressure is 80. which of the following is false | pulse pressure is 80 mm Hg |
| in the circulatory system, the largest pressure drop occurs across which blood vessels? | arterioles |
| the total cross-sectional area is greatest in which blood vessels? | capillaries |
| what is a decrease in tissue in oxygen called? | hypoxia |
| what is a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues called? | hypoxia |
| what is an increase in blood flow in response to an increase in tissue metabolic activity called? | active hyperemia |
| which of the following accurately compares active hyperemia to reactive hyperemia | one is caused by increased metabolic activity, the other in response to an increase in metabolites from an occlusion to blood flow |
| which of the following substances is continuously secreted by the endothelial cells and causes vasodilation? | nitric oxide |
| during exercise, carbon dioxide produced by muscle cells causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle. this is an example of | active hyperemia |
| _________ describes the movement of fluid out of the capillary, while _____ describes the movement of fluid into the capillary | filtration; absorption |
| what is a hematocrit measuring? | the percentage of blood that is comprised of red blood cells only |
| a normal hematocrit is approximately what value? | 45 |
| what is the most abundant plasma protein? | albumin |
| a majority of the protein present within blood is synthesized within what organ? | liver |
| a decrease in pressure within an arteriole will initiate a(n) | myogenic response |
| erythrocytes are synthesized in what organ and under the control of what chemical? | bone marrow, under control of erythropoietin |
| old red blood cells are removed from the blood by macrophages in what organ? | spleen |
| what hematopoietic growth factor controls red blood cells synthesis, and what organ releases it? | erythropoietin, released by kidney |
| what is the lifespan of an erythrocyte? | 120 days |
| what enzyme catalyzes the reaction that creates creatine phosphate? | creatine kinase |
| what is the most abundant class of white blood cells? | neutrophils |
| the speed with which the skeletal muscle generates force is determined primarily by | the type of myosin and its ATPase present |
| what is the stoppage of bleeding called? | hemostasis |
| the lumen of every blood vessel is lined by a monolayer of what cell type? | endothelial cells |
| what is defined as a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood? | anemia |
| which white blood cell differentiates into macrophages in the tissue? | monocyte |
| what type of adrenergic receptor is found in the smooth muscle of most systemic arterioles? | alpha only |
| which of the following is a decrease in blood supply to the tissue such that it does not meet the metabolic demands of the tissue? | ischemia |
| the primary source of calcium that drives skeletal muscle contraction is the sarcoplasmic reticulum | truw |
| oxidative phosphorylation is the primary energy source for cardiac muscle | true |
| the more proteins in blood, the higher the blood viscosity | true |
| walls of fenestrated capillaries are more permeable than the walls of continuous capillaries | true |
| an increase in blood flow to metabolically active tissue is called reactive hyperemia | false |
| smooth muscle is inly found in arterioles | false |
| following centrifugation of blood, the middle layer contains platelets and leukocytes, and is called the buffy coat | true |
| polycythemia is a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood | false |
| hemoglobin transports both oxygen and carbon dioxide | true |
| all veins return blood to the heart | true |
| on average, women have anatomically larger hearts than men | false |
| jaundice is caused by an excess of iron in the blood | false |
| which of the following stores calcium to be released for muscle contraction | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| atrial fibrillation is usually fatal if not treated immediately | false |
| the cardiac cycle represents one heartbeat | true |
Created by:
joanajenzel