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Respiratory system
Med Term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mouth, nose, sinuses and pharynx | Upper Airway |
| Includes nasopharynx (back of the nose), oropharynx (back of mouth) | Pharynx |
| Begins with nares (nostrils) extends to nasopharynx | Nose |
| divides right and left nasal passages | Nasal septum |
| divides nasal cavity from the mouth | Hard palate |
| air filled sacs named for facial bones within which they are located | Sinus cavities |
| The sinus cavities are | Maxillary, Frontal, Ethmodial, Sphenoidal |
| As air moves through the upper airway it is | warmed, filtered, and humidified |
| line the structures and contribute moisture to humidify the air | Mucous membranes |
| (tiny hairs) within the nasal cavity filter the air by removing debris | Cilia |
| warms air as it passes through | Rich blood supply |
| doorway that is open during breathing and allows air to pass from upper airway to the trachea. closes upon swallowing thus preventing food and fluid from entering the trachea | Epiglottis |
| air flows through larynx to lower airways, the structure vibrates to create sound with speech | Larynx |
| appx 5" long, made up of rings of cartilage which gave it shape and strength | trachea |
| split into smaller bronchi and bronchioles | bronchi |
| change to less cartilage and more smooth muscle as they become smaller | |
| have ciliated mucous membrane linings moisten air and trap debris that has been inhaled | trachea and bronchi |
| cillia move | in wave action to propel debris upward |
| The presence of ___ _____ stimulate a powerful cough reflex to expel debris | foreign particles |
| right lung has three, left lung has two | lobes |
| two thin membranes that cover the lungs | pleurae |
| lies directly on lungs | visceral pleurae |
| lines inner wall of the thorax | parietal pleurae |
| means within the pleural space, contains small amount of fluid | interpleural |
| interpleural space where lung expansion and contraction occurs, fluid lubricates | potential space |
| elastic quality of lungs which allows expansion and contraction | Recoil |
| microscopic sized air sacs (balloons) covered with capillary bed or rich blood supply | alveoli |
| expansion of alveoli as air enters | Inhalation (inspiration) |
| partial deflation as air exits lungs | Exhalation (expiration) |
| Alveioli are one cell thick and | allow for gases to move easily back and forth |
| leaves capillaries and moves into alveoli and is exhaled while O2 moves from alveoli into capillaries to the body | CO2 |
| is the primary trigger to breath | CO2 buildup |
| CO2 buildup causes _____ _____ of blood, as pH level drops, ____ _____ | increased acidity, stimulated breathing |
| allows elimination of excess CO2 thus restoring normal blood pH | Exhalation |
| Drive to breath due to low oxygen levels is | secondary trigger |
| ineffective blood oxygenation with exertion | COPD |
| pain of the epiglottis | epiglottalgia |
| inflammation of the epiglottis | epgilottitis |
| paralysis of the larynx | laryngoplegia |
| inflammation of the larynx | laryngitis |
| pertaining to the nose and stomach | nasogastric |
| flow of discharge of the nose | rhinorrhea |
| pertaining to around the mouth | circumoral |
| disease of the mouth | stomatopathy |
| inflammation of the pharynx | pharyngitis |
| abnormal condition of pharynx fungus | pharyngomycosis |
| inflammation of the sinus | sinusitis |
| resembling a sinus | sinusoid |
| veiwing instrument for the bronchi | bronchoscope |
| dialiation or expansion of a bronchus | bronchiectasis |
| excision or surgical removal of a lung | pneumectomy |
| a condition of the lungs | pneumonia |
| study of the lungs | pulmonology |
| surgical puncture of the thorax | thoracentesis |
| cutting into or the incision of the thorax | thoracotomy |
| mouth like opening into the trachea | tracheostomy |
| cutting into or incision of the trachea | tracheotomy |
| aer/o | air |
| eating or swallowing air | aerophagia |
| alveol/o | aveoli |
| inflammation of the aveoli | alveolitis |
| anthrac/o | coal, coal dust |
| abnormal condition of coal (black lung) | antracosis |
| bronch/o | bronchus |
| inflammation of the bronchus | bronchitis |
| bronchus | bronchi/o |
| dilation or expansion of the bronchus | bronchiectasis |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| inflammation of the bronchiole | bronchiolitis |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| cancerous tumor | carcinoma |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| surgical repair of the cartilage | chondroplasty |
| diaphragmat/o | diaphragm |
| hernia of the diaphragm | diaphragmatocele |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| pertaining to the epiglottis | epiglottal |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| inflammation of the larynx | laryngitis |
| lob/o | lobe |
| excision or surgical removal of a lobe | lobectomy |
| muc/o | mucus |
| resembling mucus | mucoid |
| nas/o | nose |
| pertaining to the nose and stomach | nasogastric |
| nose | rhin/o |
| inflammation of the nose | rhinitis |
| or/o | mouth, mouth like opening |
| pertaining to the mouth | oral |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| inflammation of the mouth | stomatitis |
| orth/o | straight |
| breathing in the straight position | orthopnea |
| oxi/o | oxygen |
| measuring instrument for oxygen | oximeter |
| oxygen | ox/o |
| condition of no oxygen | anoxia |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| pertaining to the pharynx | pharyngeal |
| phon/o | sound, voice |
| recording instrument for sound or voice | phonograph |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pain of the pleura | pluerodynia |
| pnea | breathing |
| temporary cessation of breathing | apnea |
| pneum/o | lung, air |
| pneumon/o | lung |
| condition of the lung | pneumonia |
| excision or surgical removal of the lung | pneumonectomy |
| lung | pulmon/o |
| pertaining to the lung | pulmonary |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| resembling a sinus | sinusoid |
| Spir/o | breathing |
| measuring instrument for breathing | Spirometer |
| thorac/o | thorax |
| surgical puncture of the thorax | thoracentesis |
| trache/o | trachea |
| cutting into or incision of the trachea | tracheotomy |
| Arterial blood gases | ABG |
| measurement of O2 and CO2 levels and acid-base balance (pH balance) in arterial blood | Arterial Blood gases (ABG) |
| visual examination of the airways of the lungs | bronchoscopy |
| Chest x-ray | CXR |
| radiological picture of the lungs | Chest x-ray (CXR) |
| Mantoux test | TB test |
| intradermal injection of tuberculin purified protien derivative (PPD) just beneath the surface of the skin to identify whether the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis | Mantoux test (TB test) |
| Metered dose inhaler | MDI |
| handheld device used to deliver medication to the patient's lower airways | Metered dose inhaler (MDI) |
| device that produces a fine spray or mist to deliver medication to a patient's deep airways | nebulizer |
| Chest physiotherapy | CPT |
| placement of the patient in various positions that facilitate drainage of secretions from the lungs, often done along with chest physiotherapy (CPT) | postural drainage |
| Group of tests that provide information regarding lung capacity; sometimes called spirometry | pulmonary function tests (PFTs) |
| pulmonary function tests | PFTs |
| indirect measurement of arterial-blood O2 saturation level, also known as the spo2; the normal level in a person with healthy lungs is 97-99% | pulse oximetry |
| surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid from the interpleural space; also called pluerocentesis | thoracentesis |
| Vital capacity | VC |
| measurement of the volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration | Vital Capacity (VC) |
| infection and inflammation of bronchial airways | acute bronchitis |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | ARDS |
| acute, life-threatening condition of lung injury that develops secondary to some other trauma or disorder | Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) |
| disease marked by episodic narrowing and inflammation of he airways, resulting in wheezing, SOB, cough | Asthma |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | CPR |
| skill often taught in first aid courses that helps restore a victims breathing and circulation | cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | COPD |
| group of diseases in which alveolar air sacs are destroyed and chronic, severe SOB results | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| abnormal crackling lung sound- like the sound of rice krispies- heard with a stethoscope, caused by air passing over retained secretions or by the sudden opening of collapse airways | Crackles |
| acute viral disease, usually in children, marked by a barking "seal like" cough and respiratory distress | croup |
| cystic fibrosis | CF |
| fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and COPD in children | cystic fibrosis (CF) |
| disorder marked by abnormal increase in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole and destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in loss of normal elasticity and in progressive dyspnea | emphysema |
| Condition in which blood or bloody fluid has collected within the intrapleural space, causing lung compression and respiratory distress | hemothorax |
| common, contagious, acute viral respiratory illness commonly called the flu | influenza |
| obstructive sleep apnea | OSA |
| dysfunctional breathing that occurs when the upper airway is intermittently blocked during sleep | obstructive sleep apnea |
| labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and improves when sitting up | orthopnea |
| inflammation of the pharynx; commonly called sore throat | pharyngitis |
| excess collection of fluid in the intrapleural space | pleural effusion |
| condition in which the pleurae become inflamed, causing sharp inspiratory chest pain; also called pleuritis | pleurisy |
| bacterial or viral infection of the lungs | pnemonia |
| condition in which air collects in the intrapleural space; categorized as open, closed, spontaneous or tension; commonly called collapsed lung | pnemothorax |
| sudden obstruction of a pulmonary blood vessel by debris, blood clots, or other matter | pulmonary embolism |
| pulmonary tuberculosis | TB |
| contagious infection caused by the mycobaterium tuberculosis organism, primarily affecting the lungs but sometimes also spreading to and affecting other organ systems | pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) |
| coarse, gurgling sound heard in the lungs with a stethoscope, caused by secretions in the air passages | Rhonchi |
| high-pitched upper-airway sound heard without a stethescope, indicating airway obstruction; a medical emergency | Stridor |
| upper respiratory infection | URI |
| infection and inflammation of upper-airway structures, usually caused by a virus, often called the common cold | upper respiratory infection (URI) |
| somewhat musical sound heard in the lungs, usually with a stethoscope, caused by partial airway obstruction (such as with asthma) | wheeze |
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OTAbaddies