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Chemistry
Chemistry Notes part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do atoms make up? | Matter |
| What are atoms made of? | Electrons, Protons, Neutrons |
| Where are electrons found? | Outside the nucleus |
| Where are protons found? | In the nucleus |
| Where are neutrons found? | In the nucleus |
| What charge do electrons have? | Negative charge |
| What charge do protons have? | Positive charge |
| What charge do neutrons? | No charge |
| What are elements made of? | Made of one type of atom |
| What are molecules made of? | Made of the same elements together |
| What are compounds? | Made up of two or more different elements that combine chemically |
| Mixture | Made of substances that combine physically Can be solids, liquids, gases, or combinations |
| Solutions | Two or more substances that are mixed evenly |
| Suspensions | Gas or liquid has another substance NOT evenly spread throughout it. Unlike solutions, substances in suspensions can sink to the bottom Ex) Blood |
| Reasons water is important? | Living things are made of more than 50% water, needed for chemical reactions to occur, used to transport materials through organisms. |
| Organic Compounds | Contain carbon; associated with living or once living things |
| Inorganic Compounds | Made from elements other than carbon |
| Carbohydrates | Supply energy for cell processes. |
| Starches break down into what? | Simple sugars |
| What's the easiest thing to break down for energy? | Carbohydrates |
| What's the second easiest thing to break down for energy? | Lipids |
| What's the hardest thing to break down for energy? | Proteins |
| Three characteristics of lipids | Fats and oils; do not mix with water. Releases a larger amount of energy than carbohydrates; harder to break down. Found in cell membranes; make cell membrane selectively permeable because fats and oils do not mix with water |
| What are proteins made of? | Amino acids |
| What are two uses of proteins in the body? | Make up many structures like muscle. Make up enzymes, regulate all chemical reactions in cells |
| Amylase | Is an enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches into simple sugars that are then broken down by the mitochondria |
| One enzyme-one substrate theory | An enzyme can only bond with a specific substrate. The substrate is changed into a new substance but the enzyme is not. The enzyme can continue bonding with other similar specific substrates and is not used up |
| What are nucleic acids? | They store coded information for cells in DNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; directs activities of the cell. DNA is found in the nucleus |
| Enzyme | Regulate all chemical reactions in cell; can speed up the rate of a reaction and are not used up. Made up of proteins. Each enzyme only bonds with a specific substrate |
| Does passive transport use energy? | No |
| Osmosis | |
| Isotonic Solution | |
| Hypertonic Solution | |
| Hypotonic Solution | |
| Why is osmosis and diffusion important | |
| Does active transport use energy | |
| Endocytosis | |
| Exocytosis | |
| What organelle have we studied that uses exocytosis? | |
| What is the relationship between ribosomes and golgi apparatus? | |
| What is the relationship between chloroplasts and mitochondria? | |
| What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? | |
| What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group? | |
| Hypothesis | |
| Prediction |
Created by:
25jwestbay
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