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Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dense, hard type of bone | compact bone |
| Bony plates found in spongy bone | trabeculae |
| Band of hyaline cartilage at ends of long bone; longitudinal bone growth occurs here. | epiphyseal disc |
| Tough outer connective tissue covering the diaphysis of a long bone | periosteum |
| Hollow center of the shaft of a bone | medullary cavity |
| Found on the outer surface of the epiphysis at a joint | articular cartilage |
| Microscopic unit of compact bone; also called an osteon | haversian system |
| Mature bone cell | osteocyte |
| Inner lining of the medullary cavity of a long bone | endosteum |
| The shaft of a long bone | diaphysis |
| Site of blood cell formation | red bone marrow |
| Eroding activity of this cell remodels and expands the medullary cavity. | osteoclast |
| A bone-building cell | osteoblast |
| Cancellous bone | spongy bone |
| The enlarged end of a long bone | epiphysis |
| This type of bone has a punched-out or “Swiss cheese” appearance. | spongy bone |
| Called the growth plate | epiphyseal disc |
| This cell is responsible for bone resorption | osteoclast |
| Lower jaw bone; contains the lower teeth | mandible |
| Opening in the temporal bone for the ear | external auditory meatus |
| Upper jaw bone; contains the upper teeth | maxilla |
| Cheekbones; also form part of the orbits of the eyes | zygomatic bones |
| Forms the top and sides of the skull | parietal bones |
| Forms the bony structure of the nasal cavity | palatine bones |
| Forms the chin | mandible |
| Forms the floor and back wall of the cranium | occipital bone |
| The large hole in this bone is called the foramen magnum. | occipital bone |
| Forms the posterior part of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity | maxilla |
| Butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the floor and sides of the cranium; the sella turcica houses the pituitary gland. | sphenoid |
| Forms the forehead | frontal |
| Means “little fountain,” the baby’s soft spots | fontanels |
| The coronal suture is the “zipper-appearing” joint between these two bones | frontal, temporal |
| Contains the external auditory meatus, styloid process, zygomatic process, and mastoid process | temporal |
| Articulates with the temporal bone to form a freely movable joint | mandible |
| The condyles of this bone sit on the atlas. | occipital |
| The M in TMJ | mandible |
| The T in TMJ | temporal |
| Bone that articulates with the parietal bone at the coronal suture | frontal |
| First seven pairs of ribs | true ribs |
| Next five pairs of ribs | false ribs |
| last two pairs of false ribs | floating ribs |
| Lower tip of the sternum | xiphoid process |
| The ribs that are closest to the clavicle | true ribs |
| The depression on the superior border of the manubrium | suprasternal |
| Ribs that attach directly to the sternum by the costal cartilage | true ribs |
| The part of the sternum closest to the collar bone | manubrium |
| Ribs that do not attach to the sternum | floating ribs |
| Ribs that attach indirectly to the sternum | false ribs |
| The largest part of the sternum; located between the manubrium and the xiphoid process | body |
| The articulation between the manubrium and the body of the breastbone | manubriosternal joint |
| Also called the angle of Louis | costal anlge |
| Rib #2 is located at this articulation. | manubriosternal joint |
| Should be less than 90 degrees | costal margin |
| Imaginary line parallel to the midsternal line and extends downward from the collar bone | left midclavicular line |
| Shoulder blade or wing bone | scapula |
| Depression where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula | glenoid cavity |
| Long bone of the arm that articulates with the scapula | humerus |
| Bony point of the ulna that forms the elbow | olecranon process |
| Collar bone | clavicle |
| Bones that form the palm of the hand | metacarpals |
| The 14 bones that form the fingers | phalanges |
| Bone that contains the glenoid cavity | scapula |
| The clavicle and scapula form this structure. | pectoral girdle |
| The scapula articulates with this bone to form a ball-and-socket joint at the shoulder. | humerus |
| The ulna and this bone articulate to form a hinge joint at the elbow. | humerus |
| Bone that contains the olecranon fossa | humerus |
| Long bone in the forearm that is located on the same side as the little finger | ulna |
| Wrist bones | carpals |
| Bone in the forearm that is on the thumb side | radius |
| Process on the scapula that is the pointy part of the shoulder | acromion |
| Also called the shoulder girdle | pectoral girdle |
| “Sidekick” bone of the radius | ulna |
| Contains the acromion and coracoid process | scapula |
| Bones that articulate with the proximal phalanges | metacarpals |
| Bone that contains the olecranon process | humerus |
| The radius and this bone “cross” during pronation. | ulna |
| Long slender bone that articulates with both the sternum and the scapula | clavicle |
| The thumb | pollex |
| The phalange that contains only two bones | pollex |
| Bones that articulate with the metacarpals and distal radius and ulna | carpals |
| The scapula and this bone form the shoulder girdle. | clavicle |
| The part of the coxal bone on which you sit | ischial tuberosity |
| Bone that contains the obturator foramen | coxal |
| Kneecap | patella |
| Shin bone | tibia |
| Cartilaginous disc between the two pubic bones; the disc expands during pregnancy. | symphysis pubis |
| The part of the hip bone that “flares” | coxal bone |
| The instep of the foot is formed by these bones. | metatarsals |
| Thin long bone of the leg; bears less body weight than the shin bone | fibula |
| Heel bone | calcaneus |
| Large bony process on the femur | trochanter |
| The “next of shin” | fibula |
| Largest bone in the body; called the thigh bone | femur |
| The head of the femur articulates with this depression in the coxal bone. | acetabulum |
| The cuplike depression formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis | acetabulum |
| Formed by the two coxal bones | pelvic girdle |
| The distal end of this bone is the lateral malleolus. | fibula |
| Articulates with the coxal bone to form the hip and the tibia to form the knee | femur |
| The distal end of this bone is the medial malleolus. | tibia |
| Composed of the pubis, ischium, and ilium | coxal bone |
| Another name for the great toe | hallux |
| This tarsal bone articulates with both the tibia and fibula. | talus |
| The long weight-bearing bone in the leg | tibia |
| Forms the ball of the foot | metatarsals |
| The two-bone phalange | hallux |
| Lateral malleolus | fibula |
| Foramen magnum | occipital |
| Zygomatic process | temporal |
| Medial malleolus | tibia |
| Greater sciatic notch | coxal |
| Obturator foramen | coxal |
| Olecranon process | humerus |
| Symphysis pubis | coxal bone |
| Greater trochanter | femur |
| Acromion process | scapula |
| External auditory meatus | temporal |
| Iliac crest | coxal |
| Olecranon fossa | ulna |
| Glenoid cavity | scapula |
| Acetabulum | coxal |
| Ischial tuberosity | coxal |
| Odontoid process (“dens”) | axis |
| Mastoid process | temporal |
| Sella turcica | sphenoid |
| Xiphoid process | sternum |
| Coracoid process | scapula |
| Lesser trochanter | femur |
| Jugular notch or sternal notch | sternum |
| The type of freely movable joint at the elbow | hinge joint |
| The type of joint formed by the acetabulum and the head of the femur | ball and socket |
| The type of joint that connects the frontal and parietal bones | suture |
| Small sacs of synovial fluid that ease movement at the joint | bursae |
| The symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs, for example | slightly movable joint |
| The type of joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity | ball and socket |
| Turning the forearm so that the palm is facing the sky | supination |
| Describes the tiptoe position, relative to the foot | extension |
| Describes bending the foot toward the shin | extension |
| The type of joint formed by the distal finger bones | hinge joint |
| A circular type of movement made at a ball-and-socket joint such as the shoulder (as in pitching a softball) | circumduction |
| Movement away from the midline of the body | abduction |
| Type of movement achieved as the forearm bends toward the arm (decreasing the angle at the joint) | flexion |
| Tough strands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone | ligament |
| Straightening of a joint so that the angle between bones increases | extension |
| Movement toward the midline of the body | adduction |
| Turning the forearm so that the palm of the hand is facing toward the ground. | pronation |
| Example of an immovable joint | suture |
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annabellaperezz