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Intro Exam 1
Intro to OT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What includes physical, social, virtual, and attitudinal aspects of occupations | Environmental Factors |
| Refers to ensuring that everyone has access to the same opportunities, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of every individual | Equity |
| The presence of positive emotions, the absence of negative emotions, and satisfaction with life, fulfillment and positive functioning | Health |
| The desired outcome or product of intervention-activities that the person deems as important to life | Occupation as an end |
| The actual therapy using a specific occupation (or activity) to bring about a change in client's performance | Occupation-based intervention |
| A change in function that promotes survival and self-actualization and the process of adapting to stress | Occupational Adaptation |
| Adolph Meyer recognized that diseases in psychiatry are largely problems with ________ | Occupational adaption |
| As people engage in occupations, which is a sense of WHO they are | Occupational Identity |
| Refers to the opportunity for everyone to participate in desired occupations | Occupational Justice |
| Attributes that are unique to the individual and make up "who they are" | Personal Factors |
| Personal Factors include | age, sexual orientation, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture identification, attitudes, social background, lifestyle, habits, education, and health condition |
| A subjective view of one's satisfaction with their life experiences | Quality of life |
| Pattern of behavior that involves certain rights and duties that an individual is expected, trained, and often encouraged to perform in a particular social situation (set of expected behaviors) | Role |
| Refers to "satisfaction with participation in occupations and daily activities that enhance quality of life" | well-being |
| The actual therapy using a specific occupation (or activity) to bring about a change in a client's performance | Occupation as a means |
| Need for all OT professionals to provide services to those in need of them and to maintain a goal directed and objective relationship with clients | Justice |
| refers to treating all people equally, with an attitude of fairness and impartiality and respecting everyone's beliefs, values, lifestyles in day-to-day interactions | Equality |
| Is specific to each person it includes; environmental factors | Contexts |
| (Adolph Meyer) maintains that a person is a whole, an interaction of the parts of the whole being | Holistic approach |
| reduces humankind to separately functioning body parts. specialists treat functions independently for efficiency and expediency. focus of specific problems | Reductionistic Approach |
| state or condition of being involved | Activities |
| therapy focuses on things that are meaningful and valuable to an individual, group, or population | Client-centered |
| complete a different way | Compensating |
| Made up activities that include the same skills required for the occupation desired | contrived activities |
| refers to unique attributes, values, and beliefs that make ups an individual when compared with the context of a group or population | diversity |
| placed the disability first and advocates say it means it is not a problem to have a disability but just part of one's identity and part of life. | Identity first language |
| the acceptance, and support of diversity wherein the uniqueness of beliefs, values, and attributes is welcomed, valued, and leveraged for maximum engagement | inclusion |
| refers to the opportunity for everyone to participate in desired occupations | occupational justice |
| performing the actual occupation in the natural setting | Occupational- centered activities |
| is defined at the therapeutic use of everyday life occupations with persons, groups, or populations for the purpose of enhancing or enabling participation | Occupational Therapy (OT) |
| refer to daily life activities in which people engage, including activities of daily living (ADLs) instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), health management, sleep and rest, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation | Occupations |
| place the person before the disability | Person- first languages |
| help get the client ready for a purposeful activity (ROM, exercises, strengthening, stretching) | preparatory activities |
| improve ability to perform | remediating |
| means the OT and OTA perform the task or test at the same level and yield the same findings | service competency |
| basic unit of action | tasks |
| refers to social structures (laws, institutions, societal attitudes, cultural beliefs and practices, economic systems, policies, and governmental politics) that presents barriers so people are not able to access desired | occupational injustice |
| centered around the experience of feeling accepted in a group | Belonging |
| results in inequalities in access to healthcare, education, and opportunities that may be afforded to other groups | systemic racism |
| have an end product and are meaningful to client and link occupational goals | purposeful activities |
| provides equal access to employment, transportation, public places, government and telecommunications | Americans with disablilities act of 1990 |
| Using one's hands to make items connected people to their work, physically and mentally, and thus was healthier | arts and crafts movement |
| Medicare spending reduction plan which created managed care plans, limits on fee for service payment and promoted caps for outpatient rehabilitation services | Balanced budget act of 1997 (BBA) |
| First US physician to institute moral treatment in response to Pinel's and Tukes work being published | Benjamin Rush |
| provide vocational rehabilitation services | Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 |
| releasing patients | Deinstitutionalization |
| right to education, therapy, IEP's | Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 |
| Mother of occupational therapy, Social worker, organized first school of OT (1914), developed habit training | Elanor Clark Slagle |
| Considered the most prolific scholar for OT, published 19 books, over 150 journal articles | Gary Kielhofner |
| re-education program designed to overcome disorganized habits , to modify other habits, and to construct new ones with the goal of restoring and maintaining health | Habit training |
| includes 0-3 and 3-5 OT services | Handicapped infants and Toddlers Act of 1986 |
| 1991 and 1997 requires schools to have least restrictive envoirnments | Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) |
| Swiss physician , provided initial philosophy of OT as holistic | Meyer Adolf |
| all people, even those with challenges, have a human right to compassion, consideration, and kindness | Moral Treatment |
| 1917 - to study and advance curative occupations. Changed to AOTA in 1921 | National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy |
| French physician who introduced "work treatment" for the insane in the late 1700's as part of the moral treatment philosophy | Philippe Pinell |
| Diagnostic-related groups, affected length of stay - long term care and home health increased | Prospective Payment System (PPS) |
| trained to take care of the vetrans of WWl using arts and crafts to treat the mind and body | Reconstruction Aides |
| prioritized services, individual written rehab programs, standards of rehab, rehab research, equal opportunities in employment and academics | Rehabilitation Act of 1973 |
| Time from 1942 to 1960 | Rehabilitation Movement |
| economic and social conditions that influence individual and group differences in health status; those things that influence inequities and affect how families live, worship, work, learn, play, age, rest and more | Social Detriments of Health |
| Social Security Amendments | |
| program of vocational rehabilitation for soldiers disabled on active duty | Soldier's Rehabilitation Act of 1918 |
| assistive tech and services, OT provides | Technology-Related Assistance for individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 |
| Father of occupational therapy, physician, Started arts and crafts program at Sheppard Asylum, wrote on value of occupation | William Rush Dunton Jr |
| English Quaker and wealthy businessman established the York Retreat in response to asylum conditions | William Tuke |
| client-centered strategy involving a variety of actions taken by the client and therapist, directed to the client's environment to enact change for the client such that engaging in occupation is enhanced through meeting basic human rights | Advocacy |
| National org to advance the science of OT and increase the public understanding of he value of OT, provides grants, scholarships and research supports, OTJR | American Occupational Therapy Foundation (AOTF) |
| legally sanctioned vehicle by which AOTA can engage in political action and work to influence the selection, nomination, election, or appointment outcome of any individual to federal public office and any OT, OTA or student member seeking public office | American Occupational Therapy Political Action Committee (AOTPAC) |
| Supervisor, Department manager | formal leadership |
| occurs when a group of people organize to contact their elected officials about important policy issues. | Grassroots advocacy |
| Collaborative effort to create change - inspire, motivate, lead with vision, mentor, teach | Transformational leadership |
| a managerial style of supervision, rewards, and punishment | Transactional Leadership |
| provides an information exchange and advances the practice and standards of OT around the world | World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) |
| considered an expert or a resource in the respective role. | Advanced-level Practitioner |
| daily, direct contact at the site of work on a regular basis | Close Supervision |
| dynamic, multidimensional process in which the professional develops and maintains the knowledge, performance skills, interpersonal abilities, critical reasoning skills necessary to perform professional responsibilities | Continuing Competence |
| services that provide one on one interaction and contact with the client | Direct Care |
| at least monthly face-to-face contact interim as needed by telecoumunication | General Supervision |
| Services for the client that do not involve contact with the client (advocating, providing home program, securing equipment) | Indirect Care |
| maintain their own professional roles while using a cooperative approach that is interactive and centered on a common problem to solve | Interdisciplinary team |
| has increased responsibility and typically pursues specialization in a particular area of practice | Intermediate-level practitioner |
| various professionals meet and plan the overall care of the client and maintain an awareness of the clients needs, responses, and goals | Interprofessional team |
| a variety of disciplines work together in a common setting (not interactive with team members) | Multidisciplinary team |
| organizing and personally managing a cumulative series of work experiences to add to ones knowledge, motivation, perspectives, skills, and job performance is referred to as career development | Professional Development |
| direct face-to-face contact at least every 2 weeks, with interim supervision as needed thorough telecommunication | Routine Supervision |
| Determination that two people performing the same or equivalent procedures will obtain the same or similar results | Service competency |
| Provided by the AOTA, for both OT and OTA's - driving and community mobility; environmental modification; feeding, eating, and swallowing, and low vision. | Special Certification |
| involves members who cross over professional boundaries and share roles and functions | Transdisciplinary team |
| The responsibilities and expectations associated with a specific job | Professional Roles |
| Service competency is a mechanism to ensure that services are | provided at the same level between two practitioners (interventions and evaluations) |
| Providing one's expertise to the client or another professional who will carry out for client | Consultation |
| Providing expertise who will carry out home modifications, wheelchair seating, handwriting groups, fall prevention groups, or contractor (for home modification) are | Examples of consultations |
| Service delivery - OTP provides service through | Direct care, Indirect care, consultation |
| communicating clearly, getting to know team members, and advocating for clients,making sure the clients voice is heard, addressing conflict within the team (if affecting job ability/client care) | OT practitioners are responsible for |
| Professional standing and responsibility, Standards of practice, screening, evaluation, and reevaluation, intervention process, and outcomes, transition, and discontinuation | 5 Areas of Standards of practice |
| Create occupation-based service rooted in the core values of occupational therapy, use therapeutic use of self and professional behaviors in practice | Professional standing and responsibility |
| OTP provides care through; Direct care, indirect care, and consultation, | Service delivery |
| Accept and respond to referrals, complete an occupational profile, analyze/interpret/synthesize information to form intervention plan, document and communicate findings | Screening,evaluation, and Re-evaluation |
| OT uses professional reasoning to synthesize theory, evidence, therapeutic use of self, and knowledge of the clients situation to create an intervention plan, collaborate with client on plan, select implement, and make modifications as needed | Intervention process |
| How does an OTA help during the intervention process | exchanging info and providing documentation about clients responses to (Tx) treatment |
| selects, measures, documents and interpret outcomes that are related to client's ability to engage in occupations. Document changes in performance or transitions or D/C services. | ( OT) outcomes, transitions, and discontinuation |
| implements outcome measures and i knowledgeable about the goals, needs, performance, of client and provides that information and documentations related to progress/outcome achievement | (OTA) outcomes, transitions, and discontinuation |
| facilitates transition/discontinuation processes-resources/follow-up services, reports outcomes prn | (OTP) outcomes, transitions, and discontinuation |
| Educator, Scholar/researcher, entrepreneurship, consultant | Roles of OT |
| Move up in the organization to progressively higher positions | Vertical career development |
| an expert clinician may transfer to role of educator/clinical instructor | Lateral career development |
| entry level to advanced specialist (SI certified, CHT, NDT) | Maturation career development |
| responsible and accountable for professional activities related to the role as defined by state licensure laws | Entry level practitioner |
| increased responsibility and typically pursues specialization in particular area of practice | Intermediate- level practitioner |
| expert or resource in their role | Advanced level practitioner |
| AOTA; cooperative process in which two or more people participate in a joint effort to establish, maintain, and or elevate a level of competence and performance | Supervision |
| supervising OT is on site and available to provide immediate assistants at all times to client or supervisee if needed | direct or continuous supervision |
| supervision for States differ how many OTA's and OT can oversee, how much face-to-face contact | regulatory requirements |
| supervision differs for different settings/states | practice setting |
| Regulatory requirements, practice setting, competency level, experience-education-credentials, complexity of client needs, number and diversity of clients, document supervision/co-signing tx notes (not always necessary) | supervision considerations |
| Either OT or OTA may supervise an OT aide dependent on____ _____ but the OT is ultimately responsible | state laws |
| Michigan allows OTA supervision of OT aide but requires | documentation of supervision plan and limits to 4 aides |
| prep area and equipment, clerical, maintenance activities such as set up groups, daily schedule, cleaning equipment | OT aide delegated non-client tasks |
| interacts (not primary service provider), tasks have predicable outcomes, stable environment, does not require judgement, interpretation/adaptations-demonstrate competence | OT aide client-related tasks |
| Knowledge base, learning styles, communication, active listening, giving and receiving feedback, assertiveness and tact, conflict resolution, time and place for supervision, written agenda, active participation | OT - OTA partnership |
| Multidisciplinary team, Transdisciplinary team, interdisciplinary team | Health care teams - inter-professional teams |
| required for practice, Biannual renewal,(2022) need 1 hour every year of implicit bias, Practice Acts - scope of practice - protection | State of MI licensure |
| National Board for certification in OT | NBCOT |
| NBCOT oversees | certification renewal |
| Initial certification is good for | three years |
| Advances in medicine and health care, living longer, wish to remain in their home and live independently or with as minimal support as necessary | Aging in place |
| OT practitioners determine a person's ability to drive after a trauma, illness, or decline in function by evaluating cognitive and physical abilities | Driver rehabilitation specialist |
| State of being connected with each other | interconnectedness |
| the dependence of two or more people or things on each other | Interdependence |
| the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. Conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live and age and the wider forces and systems that shape the conditions of life | Social determinants of health (SDOH) |
| Intervention provided online through secure networks whereby the provider and client are in different locations (may require caregiver to be present) | Telehealth |
| SDOH's that shape wilder forces and systems that shape the conditions of life | economic policies, develop agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems |
| Driver rehabilitation specialists abbreviation | CDRS |
| global network of students, practitioners, and researchers who support justice involved individuals, families, and efforts to increase health and well-being outside of correction | Justice based OT (JBOT) |
| also space for convening ideas, practitioners, and researchers who support justice involved individuals, families, and efforts to increase health and well-being outside of correction | JBOT |
| is a restorative occupation that enables engagement in activities during wakeful hours | Sleep |
| ____ is differentiated from _____ by the action of identifying and interrupting mental, physical, or social activities for the result of achieving a relaxed state | Rest, Sleep |
| Safe housing, transportation, and neighborhoods - racism, discrimination and violence - education, job opportunities, and income - access to nutritious foods and physical activity opportunities - polluted air and water - language and literacy skills | Social determinants of health (healthy people 2030) |
| include home modifications, lighting, aging in place, universal design | OT certifications |
| or adaptive technology commonly refers to "products, devices, or equipment, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that are used to maintain, increase, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities | Assistive technology |
| ADA of | 1990 |
| Assistive technology act of 1998 amended | 2004 |
| OT consults with the team on type of device, skills client possesses, practicality of device to perform daily occupations | Team Approach |
| clients have a sudden and short-term need for services and is typically seen in a hospital | Acute care |
| which refers to medical problems caused by disease, disorder, or trauma | biological Aspects-sphere |
| health care provided to the consumer along a continuum as the clients needs dictate | continuum of care |
| According to their method, depending on the clients diagnosis,hospitals are paid a predetermined, fixed fee based on _____ ______ ______, regardless of the services provided | diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) |
| diagnosis-related groups | DRG |
| clients who are medically stable but who have a chronic conditions requiring services over time, potentially throughout life | long-term care |
| agencies owned and operated by individuals or a group of investors in business to make a profit | private for-profit agencies |
| agencies that receive special tax exemptions and typically charge a fee for services and maintain a balanced budget to provide services | private not-for-profit agencies |
| sphere which includes emotional, cognitive, and affective or personality disorders | psychological aspects - sphere |
| agencies that are operated by federal, state, or county, governments - VA CMH | public agencies |
| which refers to issues meeting the expectations of society | sociological aspects - sphere |
| client still needs care but does not require an intensive level or specialized service | sub-acute care |
| First level on the continuum | Acute care |
| A major part of subacute care | Rehab |
| Hospital (converted beds), SNF's or freestanding facilities are all available for ________ care | subacute |
| DD, MI, severe disability, elderly can all go to _____ care | long term |
| SNF, Extended care facility, residential care, home, OP clinic, community based programs ______ _______ care, ______ | long term, facilities |
| nation wide schedule of reimbursement to hospitals - predetermined, fixed fees, based on clients diagnosis, rather than services provided | 1983 Medicare law prospective payment system (PPS) |
| Medicare law prospective payment system gave incentive to | discharge from hospital ASAP |
| Medicare law prospective payment created need for interim level of care called | subacute care |
| Acute care and in patient rehabilitation departments | Hospitals |
| outpatient such as Easter seals, hand clinics, orthopedic and neurological clinics, children's development clinics | Clinics |
| substance abuse, halfway houses (leaving institutions), group homes, assisted living for the elderly | supervised living |
| Pediatrics, Hand therapy, TBI, school consultation, skilled nursing facilities | Specialty practice areas |
| Refers to the acknowledgment that an individual has the qualifications to be an entry level practitioner | certification |
| Exposure to practice | Level 1 fieldwork |
| Hands on clinical training | Level 2 fieldwork |
| provide important guides for consumers, facilities, and providers, especially regarding the minimum qualifications for practitioners | licensure laws |
| has established procedures for and implemented certification renewal program that includes creating and e-portfolio to determine continued competency | National board for certification in occupational therapy (NBCOT) |
| Regulates entry-level education for both occupational therapist and OTA programs in the United States | Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy (ACOTE) of AOTA |
| Practical experience | Fieldwork |
| Fieldwork purpose is to | advance students thinking, reasoning, performance, and professionalism |
| Level 1 Fieldwork is completed | concurrent with fieldwork |
| level 1 fieldwork includes | observation and participation in selected aspects of OT process |
| entry level practitioner, OTA 16 weeks, 2-8 weeks full time, post didactic class room are all part of level __ fieldwork | 2 |
| state licensure laws may require that | professionals show continuing education |
| The national register, published in | 1932 |
| Registration began in ____ when AOTA listed occupational therapists who completed approved professional training and 1 year of subsequent work | 1931 |
| The first OTA certification examination was administered in | 1977 |
| in __ a category "certified only" created for practitioners who wanted to be certified without being a member of AOTA | 1980 |
| functions independently in all aspects of initial certification | NBCOT |
| Students who have a baccalaureate degree or master's degree in discipline other than OT may elect to obtain and entry-level | Doctor of Occupational Therapy (OTD) (clinical doctorate) |
| traditional postgraduate degree and is a research-based degree | The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) |
| Doctor of Education (EdD), Doctor of Science (ScD), and Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) | Other research based degrees |
| Certification, Registerd Occupational Therapist (OTR), Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) | Entery-level certification and state licensure |
| Occupational therapy is the use of occupations or activities | First Main component of OT |
| Goal directed - purposeful - meaningful to client | Second Main component of OT |
| Provided with goal of promoting/improving independence, QOL/ maximum level of function | Third Main component of OT |
| allow engagement - participation in life activities/ADLs (need to mention again ultimate goal of therapy is participation in occupations or occupations as the end) | Fourth Main component of OT |
| contribute to the good health and welfare of the client Treat client fairly and equally, advocate for recipients to obtain needed services, promote health, saftey, and well-being, charge reasonable fees | Beneficence |
| Refrain from actions the cause harm (conflict of interest, exploitation, avoid action that interferes with impaired judgement, impaired practitioner, sexual relationship) | Nonmaleficence |
| Respect the right of the person to self-determination, privacy, confidentiality, and consent (freedom to decide freedom to act) | Autonomy (and confidentiality) |
| Promote equity, inclusion, and objectivity in provision of occupational therapy services - state and national laws governing occupational therapy - terminate services that do not meet goals or no long produce measurable outcome - actuate documentation | justice (combo of social and procedural justice) |
| Provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession (truthfulness, candor, honesty, and respect owed to others) | Veracity |
| Treat clients (persons, groups or populations), colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion,and integrity, duty faithfulness, resolving ethical issues | Fidelity |
| law requiring certain professionals report suspected child abuse and neglect | Mandatory Reporting |
| Knowledgeable and voluntary agreement by which a client undergoes intervention that is in accord with the patients values and preferences (right to refuse, right to be aware) | Informed consent |
| Involves understanding client's dx, strengths, weaknesses, prognosis, and goals | Clinical Reasoning |
| situations challenge how a practitioner maintains his or her integrity or the integrity of the profession | Ethical Distress |
| a situation in which two or more ethical principles collide with one another, making it difficult to determine the best action | Ethical Dilemma |
| problems that require decisions about who should be the primary decision maker | Locus of authority |
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