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Chemistry: Matter
Chemistry: Matter terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Periodic Table | A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together. |
| mass | A measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| atom | the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element |
| molecule | A group of atoms bonded together |
| compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| chemical formula | A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance |
| mixture | A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| heterogeneous | composed of unlike parts; different; diverse |
| homogeneous | Describes something that has a uniform structure or composition throughout. |
| valence electron | The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds. |
| law of conservation of mass | Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change |
| crystalline | A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern |
| coefficient | A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction. |
| chemical symbol/ element symbol | A one or two letter representation of an element |
| metals | Elements that are solid at room temperature; shiny, malleable, ductile; left side of the periodic table; conduct heat and electricity |
| nonmetals | Group of elements that may be solids, liquids, or gases at room temp and tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity, and NOT malleable, ductile, or lustrous |
| metalloid | Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. |
| group (periodic table) | a vertical column of elements in the periodic table, elements in a group share chemical properties |
| period (periodic table) | the elements in any one horizontal row of the periodic table |
| conductor | A device designed to transmit electricity, heat, etc |
| insulator | A material that does not allow heat or electrons to move through it easily. |
| ductile | A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire. |
| malleable | Can be hammered into thin sheets |
| conductive | the ability to transfer heat or electricity from one substance to another |
| atomic number | Number of protons in the nucleus |
| atomic mass | Number of protons and neutrons |
| Bohr Model | model of an atom that shows electrons in circular orbits around the nucleus |
| Lewis structure | a diagram of a molecule showing how the valence electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule |
| Proton | A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | A subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| chemical bonding | the combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic compounds |
| octet rule | States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons |
| covalent bond | A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between two nonmetals |
| ionic bond | Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Macromolecules | A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules |
| Hydrocarbons | organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen |
| metallic bond | Delocalized electrons that create strong bonds; responsible for heat and electrical conductivity |
| extended structure | Two or more atoms that ionize and form a crystalline structure |
| Subscript | A number written slightly below and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows how many atoms of an element are in a compound. |
Created by:
MrBenoit
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