The conjunctiva refers to the ____.

clear mucous membrane lining the inner eyelids and anterior of the eye

In this condition, the retina is not fully developed and the blood vessels can become leaky, causing irreversible blindness.

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Loss of sight occurs with retinal detachment because ____.

the rods and cones no longer receive nourishment

a white reflection from a mass in the eye

What is typanosclerosis?

hardening of the tympanic membrane

What is cholesteatoma?

a tumor-like mass of a scaly epithelial tissue and cholesterol in the middle of the ear

Embolism is the term for ____.

an obstruction of a vessel by a clot

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Medterms Final

Question	Answer
The combining form tympan/o means ____.	drum
The watery fluid in front of the lens is referred to as the ____.	aqueous humor
The conjunctiva refers to the ____.	clear mucous membrane lining the inner eyelids and anterior of the eye
When a physician records the results of an eye examination as PERRLA, it means that the patient's eyes are ____.	normal
In this condition, the retina is not fully developed and the blood vessels can become leaky, causing irreversible blindness.	Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
What is diplopia?	double vision
An inward turning of the eyes is referred to as ____, while an outward turning of the eyes is called ____.	Esotropia ; Exotropia
This progressive thinning of the cornea is most often seen in females and becomes evident in puberty.	keratoconus
The farsightedness associated with aging is referred to as ____.	presbyopia
A cataract is the clouding of the ____.	crystalline lens
Loss of sight occurs with retinal detachment because ____.	the rods and cones no longer receive nourishment
____ is caused by damage to the photoreceptor cells in the area of the macula.	Macular Degeneration
Of the following practitioners related to the special senses, which is not a doctor (MD or OD)?	optician
Nearsightedness, or myopia, occurs when the eyeball is too ____.	long
____ is an inflammation of the lining of the eye and eyelid and can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic organisms.	conjunctivitis
Keratitis is an infection of the ____.	cornea
A(n) ____ is an inflammatory cyst or granuloma of the meibomian gland.	chalazion
What is leukocoria?	a white reflection from a mass in the eye
Phacoemulsification uses ultrasonic waves to ____.	disintegrate cateracacts
This test measures for intraocular pressure (IOP).	tonometry
The visible portion of the external ear is called the ____.	auricle
The canal that leads from the auricle to the eardrum is called the ____.	external auditory meatus
The eardrum, or ____, separates the external ear from the middle ear.	tympanic membrane
The area that contains the sebaceous glands of the eye is known as the ____.	lacrimal caruncle
Which of the following is not part of the ossicular chain?	cochela
The structure of the inner ear is called the ____.	labyrinth
The saclike structures contained within the vestibule are called the ____ and ____.	utricle ; saccule
This part of the ear is considered the main organ of hearing.	cochloa
In the process of hearing, the ____ acts as a satellite dish that catches sound waves.	outer ear
The passageway leading from the middle ear to the nasopharynx is called the ____.	eustachian tube
The incus is a bone of the middle ear that is shaped like a(n) ____.	anvil
A child born without ears has this condition.	anotia
Ear pain is known by this term.	otalgia
A person wearing contact lenses would place the lens on this part of the eye.	sclera
A deliberate perforation of the eardrum is called a(n) ____.	fenestration
The hardening of the spongy bone surrounding the oval window that is often seen in seniors is called ____.	otosclerosis
What is typanosclerosis?	hardening of the tympanic membrane
What is cholesteatoma?	a tumor-like mass of a scaly epithelial tissue and cholesterol in the middle of the ear
Tinnitus is a ____.	ringing in the ears
A(n) ____ is a medical instrument used to visualize the external ear and tympanic membrane.	otoscope
This surgical procedure involves the removal of one of the bones of the middle ear.	stapedectomy
This mushroom-shaped area near the tip of the tongue contains some of the more than 10,000 taste buds on the tongue.	fungiform
Each taste bud is made up of supporting cells and hair cells known as ____ receptors.	gustatory
Signals are transmitted along the olfactory nerve to the ____ regions in the temporal lobe of the brain.	rhinencephalon
The retina contains about 120 million ____, which are very sensitive to light and are responsible for night vision.	rods
The sense of touch includes ____, an awareness of the position of one's body parts in relation to the whole body.	proprioception
Photopic vision is vision in ____.	bright light
This small area within the macula lutea at the back of the eye is the spot where visual acuity is the greatest.	fovea centralis
An ____ is a medical doctor (MD) who diagnoses and treats eye disorders.	ophthalmologist
What does a lipid risk panel measure?	all of the above
Embolism is the term for ____.	an obstruction of a vessel by a clot
Which of the following cardiac tests uses a nuclear scan to depict the workings of the heart?	MUGA scan
In this procedure, a catheter with a balloon tip is inserted into an occluded vessel to open it up and allow blood to flow freely.	(PCTA) percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
An endarterectomy involves the ____.	removal of the lining of artery that contains plaque
Which of the following tests uses a radioactive substance to visualize the heart's action during physical activity?	thallium stress test
The class of drugs known as antianginals are used to ____.	relieve the pain of acute angina
This class of drug decreases fluid retention by promoting increased urinary output.	diuretics
What valve connects the right atrium and the right ventricle?	tricuspid
Hypolipidemics are drugs that ____.	decrease cholesterol level in the blood.
These structures attach the valves to the heart walls.	chordae tendineae
These structures attach the valves to the heart walls.	chordae tendineae
The cardiac cycle consists of a contraction, called the ____ followed by a relaxation phase called the ____.	systole; diastole
Blood enters the right atrium through the ____.	superior and inferior venae cavae
The outer membrane of the heart wall is called the ____.	pericardium
After leaving the right atrium, blood is pumped into the ____.	right ventricle
Blood flows from the liver into the ___ on its way to the heart	inferior verna cava
The pulmonary veins carry blood from the ____ to the ____.	lungs; left atrium
Which of the following is not part of the electrical conduction system of the heart?	apex
The arteries carry blood ____ the heart.	away from
Which of the following blood vessels is smallest in diameter?	venules
The passage in a blood vessel through which the blood flows is called the ____.	lumen
In addition to moving blood around the body for nutrient and gas exchange, the arteries and arterioles also help maintain the body's ____.	blood pressure
High blood pressure is known by this medical term.	hypertension
The top number in a blood pressure reading is the ____.	systolic pressure
What is the myocardium?	the thick layer of muscle tissue between the pericardium and the endocardium
The combining form angi/o refers to ____.	vessels
To what does the combining form phleb/o refer?	vein
This combining form means relating to the pulse.	sphygm/o
This membrane forms the inner layer of the pericardium.	epicardium
The ____ is the dilation of an artery from the contraction of the heart causing blood to be sent into the vessel.	diastole
What is the largest vein in the body?	vena cave
The smallest vessels are called the ____.	capillaries
When a physician auscultates the heart, he or she is ____.	listening to the sound of the heart
The foramen ovale is found in the ____.	atrial septum of the fetal heart
What happens to the fetal shunts after birth?	they close within about 15 hours after birth
The left half of the heart pumps oxygen-____ blood to the ____.	rich; body's tissues
The newborn's heart rate may range from ____ to ____ beats per minute.	100 ; 180
This type of congenital heart defect involves a severe narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta.	coarctation of the aorta
Which of the following types of heart valve defect features a mitral valve that does not open properly because of calcification?	mitral stenosis
Innocent or functional ____ are not uncommon in childhood and have no health significance.	murmurs
During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume increases by about ____ percent.	40
Myocardial infarction is known by what common name?	heart attack
From age 20 to age 80, an individual's blood pressure normally ____.	increases about 25 peercent
Coronary artery disease is sometimes called ____.	hardening of the arteries
An enlargement of the heart is referred to as ____.	cardiomegaly
This term is used to refer to very rapid unsynchronized heartbeats in which the heart muscle fibers are beating at different times.	fibrilation
The upper chambers of the heart are called the ____.	atria
What is an aneurysm?	an obstruction of a blood vessel
This cardiac test uses ultrasound to visualize the valves and flow of blood through the heart.	echocardiogram
The alimentary canal is another name for the ____.	gastrointestinal tract
Ducts in the middle of the ____ empty digestive juices from the pancreas and bile from the liver.	duodenum
Where is the ileocecal valve located?	between the sall and large intestine
How long does it take material to pass through the large intestine?	1-5 days
The digestive process breaks proteins down into ____.	amino acids
____ are broken down in the small intestine by amylase and other enzymes.	carbohydrates
The ____ is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.	peritoneum
The combining form -ase means ____.	emzyme
This combining form is used to refer to the gums.	gingiv/o
This combining form means tongue.	gloss/o
The ____ is a bony socket in which the root of each tooth sits.	alveolus
What is the function of the uvula?	prevents food from entering the nasal cavity
Amylase is secreted by the ____.	pancreas
From where is gastric juice secreted?	stomach
The ____ is a fan-shaped fold of the peritoneum that covers most of the small intestine.	mesentery
____ is the action of the intestine characterized by alternating contraction and relaxation.	peristalsis
____ are folds in the lining of the stomach.	rugae
Premature infants are at risk for this disorder, which is characterized by tissue death in the ileum and colon.	neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
This condition in the infant can be more evident when he or she cries.	umbilical hernia
A newborn's first stool is called the ____.	meconium
This condition causes projectile vomiting and appears at about six weeks of age, most commonly in males.	pyloric stenosis
Crohn's disease is a disease of the gastrointestinal system marked by ____.	Diarrhea, cramps, abdominal pain, weight loss: All Of The Above
About how much saliva is produced by an adult human's saliva glands each day?	one liter
One of the most common gastrointestinal disorders affecting adults is ____, which is a hole in the mucosa of the alimentary canal.	an ulcer
Diverticula are ____ that develop in the GI tract.	puches
A hiatal hernia is a hernia of the ____ and frequently occurs in older adults.	stomach
Lactose intolerance is the inability to properly digest a(n) ____ found in diary products.	suagr
This condition is an inflammation of the gall bladder after fatty foods are ingested.	cholecystitis
In this condition, the tongue is not freely moveable.	ankyloglossia
____ is the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.	Cholelithiasis
____ is the absence of peristalsis, causing obstruction in the intestine.	lleus
Jaundice is a yellowish color of the skin and mucous membranes because of increased ____ in the blood.	bile pigment
____ is the backward flow of stomach contents.	reflux
What are the parotids, submandibulars, and the sublinguals?	salivary glands
A(n) ____ is an abnormal opening between the trachea and the esophagus.	tracheoesophageal fistula
The procedure in which gallstones are crushed and removed is called ____.	lithotripsy
What is cholangiography?	an x-ray of the gallbladder and its ducts
The general term for the procedure to view the various organs of the GI tract using a flexible tube is ____.	endoscopy
A gastrectomy is the removal of part of the ____.	stomach
The sigmoidoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the sigmoid region of the ____.	colon
The brand name drugs Maalox and Mylanta fall into this category of drugs.	antacids and antiflatulents
The drugs known as histamine (H2) receptor antagonists are used to treat ____.	ulcers
Which of the following drug brands is used to replace a pancreatic digestive enzyme?	lactaid
This region of the abdomen is above the pubic area and below the umbilicus.	epigastric
After food passes through the esophagus, it enters the ____.	stomachs
This medical abbreviation means before meals.	a.c.
The cardiac sphincter prevents food from moving from the ____ to the ____.	stomach ; esophagus
What is chyme?	the semisolid mixture of food produce by the digestive process of the stomach
About how long is an adult's small intestine?	20 feet
Bicarbonate, the alkaline substance that neutralizes hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice, is secreted from the ____.	pancreas
Sperm develop within the walls of the ____.	seminiferous tubules
The spongy tissues of the shaft fill with ____ during arousal, causing the penis to become erect.	blood
The function of the sperm's tail is to ____.	propel the sperm during its journey
The ductus deferens is also known as the ____.	vas deferens
About 60 percent of the volume of semen is created by the ____.	seminal vesicles
The seminal vesicles join to form the ____.	ejaculatory duct
The prostate secretes a(n) ____ that ____ the sperm.	milky fluid ; aids the mobility of
The bulbourethral glands are also known as the ____ glands.	cowper's
The purpose of the Cowper's glands is to ____.	lubricate the urethra
Which of the following sequences correctly identifies the route sperm take from their spot of creation to the location where they are stored?	testes to seminiferous tubules to epididymis
When a sperm and an ovum meet and join, the product is a ____.	zygote
This combining form means male or masculine.	andr/o
This combining form means testicle.	orchid/o
Male and female sex cells are called ____.	gamates
The testes develop in the ____ of the fetus.	abdominal cavity
The singular of ova is ____.	ovum
The size of the testes grow only slightly from birth through childhood, but begin to increase in size	at the onset of puberty
Male sexual development is completed in the span of about ____ years.	three to five
Around what age does sperm production decrease?	40
What does circumcision remove?	prepuce
What is epispadias?	an abnormality in which the urethral opening is on the dorsum of the penis
The congenital abnormality in which the testicles are absent is referred to as ____.	anorchism
The external organs of the reproductive system are called ____.	genitalia
Hermaphroditism is a congenital abnormality characterized by ____.	the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue
Polyorchism is a congenital abnormality marked by the ____.	presence of more than two testicles
This condition of early childhood is marked by varicose veins in the spermatic cord which can cause the affected testicle to be smaller.	vericocele
This serious condition occurs in late childhood and is caused by an incomplete or faulty attachment of the testis to the scrotum wall.	testicular torsion
This condition is often associated with sickle cell anemia, which causes a blockage of blood flow from the penis.	priapism
Benign prostatic hyperplasia can cause ____.	Difficult urination, frequent urination, painful urination, a squeezing of the urethra. ALL THE ABOVE
The inability to have and/or maintain an erection is known by two names: erectile dysfunction and ____.	impotence
____ is the inability to produce sperm.	aspermatogenesis
What is aspermia?	the inability to produce semen, sperm, or an erection
A decreased amount of sperm in the ejaculate is called ____.	oligospermia
The pouch-like sac containing the testes is called the ____.	scrotum
Orchitis is an inflammation of the ____.	testis
Prostatitis is a(n) ____ of the prostate gland.	inflammation
The blood test known as PSA is used to help diagnose ____.	cancer of the prostate
What is accomplished with semen analysis?	Count of the amount of sperm ejaculated, and evaluation of sperm viability A and B
An epididymotomy is usually performed to ____.	to drain fluid or pus resulting from epididymitis.
Orchiectomy is the surgical ____.	removal of one or both testicles.
In a vasectomy, the ____ is surgically removed.	vas deferens
The surgical removal of the seminal vesicle is called a ____.	vesiculectomy.
Which of the following brand name is not used as a therapy for erectile dysfunction?	AndroGel
Which of the following abbreviations stands for a surgical procedure that is preformed through the urethral opening?	TURP
What hormone is secreted by the seminiferous tubules?	testosterone
Which of the following brand names is used as testosterone replacement hormone?	AndroGel, Testred, Androderm, testroderm
Medical descriptions of the penis assume an orientation in the ____ state, thus putting the ventral side ____ the body and the dorsal side facing ____.	erect ; away from ; inward
The retractable, loose-fitting skin covering the glans penis is called the ____.	foreskin
The foreskin can also be referred to as the ____.	prepuce
The sperm's mitochondria are located within the ____.	midpiece
A Pap smear screens for ____.	cervical cancer
Gravida is the medical term for ____.	pregnancy
The term used to indicate the number of times a woman has given birth is ____.	para
Acute salpingitis is the inflammation and infection of the ____.	fallopian tubes
____ are firm, mobile, painless nodules in the uterine wall.	fibroids
Which of the following is not a characteristic of menopause?	ovaries increase production of estrogen
Even though they play no direct role in reproduction, the ____ are considered part of the female reproductive system.	breasts
Uterine prolapse is a condition associated with menopause in which the uterus	protrudes into the vagina
Cystocele is a condition associated with menopause in which the ____.	bladder protrudes into the vagina
Pelvic inflammatory disease is a condition in which the pelvic cavity is inflamed, usually as the result of a(n) ____.	infection
What is a rectocele?	a prolapse of the rectum through the vagina
The most common procedure associated with the female reproductive system is ____, which is performed to obtain endometrial or endocervical tissue for cytologic examination.	dilation and curettage
A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the ____.	uterus
A colposcopy is the examination of the ____ using an endoscope.	cervix
Which of the following drug brands is not a contraceptive?	pergonal
The drug brands Clomid and Pergonal are used as ____.	fertility agents
What is the medical abbreviation used to indicate gonorrhea?	GC
The ____ is the pad of fatty tissue that lies over the bone on the lower portion of the pelvis.	mons pubis
Of the following abbreviations associated with the female reproductive system, which one does not refer to a procedure?	GYN
This structure of the female external genitalia is translated to mean large lips.	labia majora
This erectile tissue lies just behind the anterior juncture of the labia minora.	clitoris
The area between the vaginal opening and the anus is called the ____.	perineum
What is oogenesis?	the production of ova
Obstetrics is the medical specialty concerned with ____.	pregnancy and the delivery of the baby
The ____ is (are) the female gonad(s).	ovaries
The fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tubes are called ____.	fimbriae
The uterus is normally about the size of a ____.	pear
The main portion of the uterus is called the ____.	body or corpus
The structures within the breast that hold the milk are called the ____.	lactiferous sinuses
The breasts produce milk in response to ____.	hormonal secretions. and the stimulation of the infant's sucking. (A and B)
Females are born with about ____ ovarian follicles.	one million
This hormone is secreted from an oocyte when it matures.	estrogen
As a girl grows to puberty, about ____ follicles remain.	400,000
This event begins the process of ovulation.	the follicle breaks open and releases the ovum
The study and treatment of the newborn infant, especially the premature infant, is called ____.	neonatology
After an ovarian follicle has released its ovum, it shrinks to become the yellowish-colored ____.	corpus luteum
Which of the following is not one of the four phases of the menstrual cycle?	gestation
Ovulation occurs over days ____ of a 28-day menstrual cycle.	14-15
The pigmented area surrounding the nipple of the breast is called the ____.	areola
When a pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum shrinks and becomes a whitish structure called the ____.	corpus albicans
A female's first menstrual cycle is referred to as her ____.	menarche
What is the myometrium?	the muscular wall of the uterus
Part of the examination of the female reproductive system usually involves the examiner teaching the patient how to perform a ____.	breast self examination
The instrument inserted into the vaginal opening to allow visualization and palpation during an examination is called a ____.	speculum
The absence of the cervical opening is a congenital anomaly known as cervical ____.	atresia
Which of the following structures is not part of the female reproductive system?	urethra
The beginning of breast development during female puberty is called ____.	thelarche
What is hypermenorrhea?	long or excessive bleeding during menstruation
Painful menstruation is referred to as ____.	menorrhalgia
Scanty menstrual flow is referred to as ____.	oligomenorrhea
The two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary, are ____.	all of the above

Created by: mooremaycee

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