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cards for 4-21-10
Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The skelatal muscles constitue approximately ______ of our body weight. | 40% - 50% |
| The connective tissue sheath of envelopes bundles of muscle fibers is the | epimysium |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the | endomysium |
| Group of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the | perimysium |
| An aponerurosis could be described as a | flat sheet of connective tissue connecting muscle to other structures. |
| Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called | synergists |
| Which of the following is not a component of a lever system? | Fixator |
| The type of lever arrangement in which the pull is excerted between the fulcrum and resistance or weigh to be moved is a | third-class lever |
| Muscles may be named according to | Function, direction of fibers, and points of attachment |
| Which of the following muscles is an example of an extensor? | Trapezius |
| A muscle that assist with mastication is the | masseter |
| A muscle that draws the eyebrows together, producing verticle wrinkles above the nose (frowing), is called | corrugator supercilii |
| The origin of muscle is on the femur, the insertion in on the tibia. When it contracts, it bend the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. What term might be part of its name? | Flexor |
| Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle | Pectoralis minor |
| There are more than __________ muscles in the body | 600 |
| Another name for a skelatal muscle cell is a | muscle fiber |
| The rectus abdominal muscle is an example of a | parallel muscle |
| The brachioradialis muscle is an example of | fusiform muscle |
| The soleus muscle is an example of | pennate muscle |
| Another name for the sphincter muscle is | circular muscle |
| The most common type of lever in the body is a | third-class lever |
| Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscle? | Protection |
| The plasma membrane of muscle fiber is called | sarcolemma |
| Bundles of fine fibers that extend lenghtwise along muscle fibers are called | myofibrils? |
| Which muscle is also known as striated muscle | skeletal muscle |
| The ability of muscle to respond to nerve stimulus is called | irritability |
| In the structure called triad, the T-tubule is sandwiched between | sacs of SR |
| The chief function of the T-tubules is to | Allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell |
| Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contain the cross-bridges | Myosin |
| The protein molecule that has heads jutting out for the cross-bridge | myosin |
| Thick myofilaments extend the lenght of the | A-band |
| The neurotransmitter secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal muscles | acetylcholine |
| The first event to occur in muscle relaxation is | the SR begins to actively pumping calcium back into it sacs. |
| The ion necessary for cross-bridging is | Calcium |
| The purpose of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction is to | replenish energy supply |
| Aerobic respiration | produces the maximum amount of energy available from each glucose molecule |
| Skeletal muscles are innervated by | ?? |
| A motor unit is most correctly described as | muscle fiber(s) and a motor neuron |
| White fibers are also called | fast fibers |
| Most body movements are | isotonic contractions |
| Endurance training is also known as | Aerobic training |
| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sacroplasm | latent priod |
| Physiological muscle fatigue may be caused by | lack of ATP, high levels of lactic acid, and high levels of metabolic waste product (the answer will be (d) all the above) |
| (#74) Isometric contraction do not | produce movement |
| A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but the lenght changes is called an | isotonic contraction |
| Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction | isometric |
| The graded strength principle states that | skeletal muscle contract with varying degrees of strength at different times. |
| Painful muscle contractions or involuntary twitches are called | cramps |
| The strenght of a muscle contraction is influenced by | amount of load, initial lenght of muscle fibers, and recruitment of motor fibers ((d) all the above) |
| Which of the following types of muscle tissue contains cells that have a single nucleus | smooth muscle |
| All the following are characteristics of smooth muscle except | a unit of cells is formed |
| From smallest to largest, which of the following is the correct order of arrangement | myofilament, myofibril, fiber |
| Saroclemma is | a unique name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
| Which of the following is not associated with the thin myofilament | Myosin (page 344, second paragraph)??? Keep reading past the bold print.... |
| Cross-bridges are also known as | myosin heads |
| Treppe is also called | staircase phenomenon |
| Somatic motor neurons innervate with | skeletal muscle??? |
| A decrease in muscle size | atrophy |
| The char of the muscle cell that directly causes movement is | Contractility |
| A sarcomere is a segment of myofibril between two succesive | Z-bands |
| The striations seen in skeletal muscle cells under the microscope are what part of the sarcomere | I-band ??? |
| the myofilament that can e decribed as a globular protein strug together like beads to form two interwined strands is: | Actin |
| The myofilament that can be decribed as bundled golf clubs with their head sticking out from the bundle is | mysosin |
| After it is released from the SR the calcium combines with which protein. | troponin |
| Glucose can be stored in the muscle as | glycogen |
| the substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is | iron |
| The lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration is converted back to glucose in the | liver |
| Which of the following in no a factor in why a warm muscle contracts more forcefully than a cool muscle | ???? |
| Which of the following describe an isometric contraction | Static tenion |
| Satellite cell in a muscle can become active | ??? #100 |
| The myofibrils contain about this many sarcomeres | 150,000 |
| the motor end plate make up part of the | neuromuscular junction |
| This part of the sarcomere stays almost the same size during contraction | A-Band |
| Muscles usually contract to about | 80% of their lenght |
| Muscle contractions will continue as long as | there is ATP in the muscle cell |
| End product of ATP breakdown | An inorganic phosphate, Energy can be used in muscle contraction, and ADP |
| Involved in determining a person's total blood volume | Age, sex, and body type |
| blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with | body fat |
| Hematocrit of 56% would indicate | polycythemia |
| Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes | Erythocyte (RBC) |
| A normal adult red blood cell count ranges from | the book says normal is 5.5 for men and 4.2 |
| Which of the following can carry oxygen | Erythrocyte (RBC) |
| A hematocrit of 40% means that in every 100 ml of whole blood , there are | 40 ml of RBC and 60ml of fluid plasma |
| Under the microscope the RBC appears as | biconcave diske without nuclei |
| Erythropoiesis is the formation of | RBC |
| Many types of blood cells are produced in the | red bone marrow |
| Megakaryoblast ultimately develop into | platelets |
| Erythropoietin is a hormone | released by the kidney to stimulate RBC formation |
| Which of the following is not a leukocyte | Reticulocyte |
| Carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions because of a chemical reaction catabolized by athe enzyme | carbonic anhydrase |
| All RBC are derived from | hemocytoblasts |
| Hemo is broken down into pigment, which is excreted in bile | bilirubin |
| Which of the following cell types are classified as agranulocytes | Lymph and mono |
| Which of the following types of WBC is thought to play a role in the prevention of clotting | Baso |
| Which of the following is a example of a leukocyte | Mono |
| Which type of WBC plays a major role in immunity to infection Diseases | Lymph |
| Which of the following have the greatest power of phagocytosis in the tissue | Neutro and mono |
| Thrombocytes are used for | blood clotting |
| Type AB blood is considered the universal recipient because | it does not contain either anti-A or anti-B antibodies |
| The type of plasma protein that constitutes more than half of the total amount is | albumin |
| In state 2 of clotting formation, prothrombin is converted to | thrombin |
| In the formation of clot, the insoluble network of fine threads in which the cellular elements of blood are traped in | fibrin |
| Which of the following in a anitcogulant | Heparin |
| A patient who is troubled by thrombosis might be treated with | heparin |
| Pernicious anemia may occur because of a lack of | Vit B12 |
| The major ingredient in hemo that allows oxygen to be transported is | iron |
| A decrease in RBC numbers can result in | Anemia |
| Which of the following formed elements assist in coagulation | Thrombocytes |
| Hemocytoblasts give rise to | RBC |
| A person with only antibody B whould be which blood type | A |
| Which of the following does not hasten clotting | heparin |
| The function is blood is | carry food to cells, remove waste from cells, assit temp reg. |
| A hematocrit value of 38 ml/100ml of blood whould be | in the high normal range for a woman |
| When whole blood is spun down the buffy coat is | between the plasma and RBC |
| One hemoglobin molecule contains | 4 iron atoms |
| What part of the hemoglobin molecule combines with carbon dioxide | Globin |
| Which is not an end-product of the breakdown of hemo | free oxygen |
| Which of the following substances is not secreated by platelets | ADP, Thromboxanes, Arachidoic Acid |
| Whole blood constitutes about this percent of the total body weight | 8% |
| The characteristic of blood is especially effective in temp regulation | high specific heat, high evaporataive potential |
| If you give a unit of blood in a blood drive what percent of your blood was given | 10% |
| The approximate blood volume in a human can be determined by using | indirect method and radioisotope |
| This is not a formed element of blood | albumin |
| The presence of spectrin in the red blood cells makes it | more flexable |
| The developmental steps of RBC | Proerythroblasts, basophilic eryo, polychromic eryo, and reticulocytes |
| The following metal is needed by the body to form RBC | Iron |
| Some WBC are capable of diapedesis | the migrate out of blood vessels into tissue space |
| Location | brachialis and gluteus |
| function | adductors |
| shape | deltoid |
| direction of muscle | retus |
| numbers of heads or divisions | biceps, triceps, and quadriceps |
| points of attachement | sternocleidomastoid |
| Neck | sternocleidomastoid |
| back | trapezius |
| chest | pectoralis major |
| abdominal wall | external oblique |
| shoulder | deltoid |
| upper arm | biceps brachii |
| forearm | |
| buttocks | adductor magnus |
| thigh | retus femoris |
| leg | gastrocnemius |
| Endomysium |
Created by:
amysteenson