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Unit 3 Chapter 11
Muscular Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the characteristic that allows muscles to pull on bones and organs to create movement called? | Contractility |
| Where is skeletal muscle usually found? | Attached to bones |
| Which are long protein cords found in sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle cells? Myofibrils Glycogen Myoglobin | Myofibrils |
| Which protein makes up the thick filaments of a myofibril? | Myosin |
| Within skeletal muscle cells, what extends from one Z disc to the next and constitutes one contractile unit? | Sarcomere |
| What is the ability of muscle cells to shorten called? | Contractility |
| What is a motor unit? | All of the muscle fibers innervated by a single motor nerve fiber |
| Skeletal muscle exhibits alternating light and dark bands called ______________ | Striations |
| A synapse is the point where a nerve fiber meets a target cell. When the target cell is a muscle fiber, this type of synapse is called a __________ junction | : neuromuscular |
| Muscle cells contain __________, a starch-like carbohydrate that provides energy during intense exercise. | Glycogen |
| Resting membrane potential is which of the following? A distance An amount of liquid A voltage | A voltage |
| In a myofibril, a thick filament is composed of pairs of _____________ molecules intertwined together. | Myosin |
| Excitation involves the generation of action potentials, and occurs in both neurons and muscle fibers. True False | True |
| The portion of a myofibril from one Z disc to the next is called a(n) _______________. | Sarcomere |
| Action potentials spread across the sarcolemma and continue down which structures into the sarcoplasm? | T tubules |
| One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called what? A ganglion A motor unit A somatic cell A fascicle | A motor unit |
| The prevailing theory regarding muscle contraction is called the ___________ filament theory. | Sliding |
| What is a neuromuscular junction? | A site where a nerve fiber communicates with a muscle fiber |
| Acetylcholinesterase is which of the following? A form of energy An enzyme A neurotransmitter | An enzyme |
| The voltage measured across the muscle cell at rest is about -90mV and is called the resting membrane ______________________. | potential |
| A continuous state of partial contraction of a muscle is called muscle ______________ | Tone |
| A record of the timing and strength of a muscle's contraction is called a(n) | myogram |
| Action potentials cause the opening of voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the_________________ tubules. This leads to the opening of calcium ion channels in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. | t |
| The minimum voltage necessary to generate a muscle twitch is called the __________ | threshold |
| What does the sliding filament theory describe? | Muscle contraction |
| What type of contraction involves the development of tension but no change in length? | Isometric |
| What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? | It breaks down ACh, ending muscle stimulation. |
| The partial contraction of a resting muscle is known as which of the following? | Muscle tone |
| A myogram is a graph of what? | A muscle twitch |
| Aerobic respiration utilizes what two molecules as fuel to generate ATP? | Fatty acids Glucose |
| The progressive weakness and loss of contractility that results from prolonged use of the muscles is known as muscle __________ | Fatigue |
| Which type of contraction maintains joint stability and posture? | Isometric |
| Isotonic contraction | This type of contraction is used for body movements and for moving objects. |
| Why does increased oxygen consumption continue after exercise? | To replace the oxygen bound to myoglobin and hemoglobin |
| Aerobic respiration produces Blank______ ATP than glycolysis. | more |
| In high-intensity short-duration exercise, what does muscle fatigue result from? | Increased potassium |
| When lifting something heavy, which type of contraction occurs first? | Isometric |
| Fibers that are well adapted to aerobic respiration are called Blank______ -twitch fibers. | slow |
| Excess postexercise oxygen consumption is also known as which of the following? | Oxygen debt |
| When a muscle is at rest, most of its ATP is generated by Blank______ of fatty acids | aerobic respiration |
| Which of the following is true of endurance exercise? | It increases oxygen transport in the blood. |
| Which describes slow-twitch fibers? | They have a rich blood supply. |
| Which types of muscle tissue are considered involuntary? | Cardiac and smooth |
| What function does increased oxygen consumption after exercise serve? | To allow the conversion of lactic acid to pyruvate and glucose by the liver |
| Where is cardiac muscle found? | In the heart wall only |
| Which occurs during high intensity, short-duration exercises that causes fatigue? | ADP and phosphate accumulation |
| Smooth muscle is named for the fact that it has no Blank______. | striations |
| Resistance exercise causes muscle growth by stimulating which of the following? | An increase in myofibril size |
| Walls of the heart consist of _______ muscle tissue. | cardiac |
| Which describes smooth muscle tissue? | Uninucleate, non-striated |
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