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KOTELCHEMMODULE2
KOTEL CHEMISTRY MODULE 2 VOCABULARY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth--most commonly as a solid, liquid, or gas | states of matter |
| a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, is incompressible and expands only slightly when heated | solid |
| a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container | liquid |
| a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container's entire volume, and is easily compressed | gas |
| gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature | vapor |
| a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition | physical property |
| a physical property that is dependent upon the amount of substance present | extensive property |
| a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present | intensive property |
| the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances | chemical property |
| a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition | physical change |
| a transition of matter from one state to another | phase change |
| a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances | chemical change |
| states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction | law of conservation of mass |
| a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means | element |
| a chart that organizes all known elements into a grid or horizontal row and vertical columns arranged by order of increasing atomic number | periodic table |
| a chemical combination of two or more different elements | compound |
| states that, regardless or the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions by mass | law of definite proportions |
| a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound | percent by mass |
| states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers | law of multiple proportions |
| a physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties | mixture |
| one that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct | heterogenenous mixture |
| one that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase | homogeneous mixture |
| a uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture | solution |
| a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid | filtration |
| a technique that can be used to phsically separate most homogenous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances | distallation |
| the energy-requiring process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid | sublimation |
| a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate | chromatography |
| a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance | crystallization |
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CRMissK
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