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Earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fault | A fracture or zone of fractures in blocks of rock |
| Tsunami | A high sea wave caused by an earthquake |
| Focus | The location where the earthquake begins |
| Epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
| Earthquake | The vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy. |
| Seismograph | A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth |
| Ring of Fire | A long narrow band of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean. Plate boundaries are located here. |
| Triangulation | Scientists use 3 seismographs to determine the location of an earthquake. |
| Compression stress | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks (convergence) |
| Tension stress | Stress that stretches rock (divergence) |
| Shearing stress | Stress produced by two pieces of rock sliding past each other horizontally (transform) |
| Richter scale | A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves. |
| P Waves | Primary waves, fastest, can move through solid and liquid layers of the earth |
| S Waves | Secondary waves, slower than P waves, can only travel through solid layers of the earth |
| Surface Waves | Slowest, can only travel through the crust, causes the most damage |
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