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CJ test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The rational choice theory | severe punishment can deter criminal activity by adding another variable to the decision-making process |
| strain theory | based on the assumption that crime is the result of frustration felt by individuals who cannot reach their financial and personal goals through legitimate means |
| almost always felonies | Part I offenses are: |
| risk factors that exist in early childhood | the strongest predictor of future criminal behavior |
| National incident-based reporting system (NIBRS) | local agencies collect data on each single crime occurrence within twenty-three offense categories made up of forty-nine specific crimes called Group A offenses |
| distribution of illegal drugs | identify a drug-defined offense |
| part I offense | Kelly was stopped by a man in a mask. He held her at gunpoint and threatened to shoot her if she did not get out of her car. After she got out of the car, he got into Kelly's car and drove away |
| is exposed to dominant values that favor criminal behavior. | According to Sutherland's theory of differential association, an individual is more likely to mimic criminal behavior if he or she: |
| Theft to get money to buy illegal drugs | classified as a drug-related offense |
| the number of persons arrested | one of the measurements used by local law enforcement agencies to help compile the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) |
| medical model of addiction | addicts are not criminals, but mentally or physically ill individuals who are forced into acts of petty crime to "feed their habit." |
| perceives the benefits of committing the crime to be greater than the potential costs | an individual is likely to commit a crime if he or she |
| punished the same as those who commit non-drug-related crimes | the criminal model of addiction holds that drug abusers and addicts should b |
| the potential for criminal behavior exists in everyone and will be realized depending on an individual's interaction with various institutions and dynamics of society | Social process theories function on the basis that |
| continuity theory of crime | holds that once negative behavior patterns have been established, they cannot be changed |
| strain theory | theory based on Emile Durkheim's concept of anomie |
| theory of differential association | held that individuals are exposed to the values of family and peers such as school friends or co-workers |
| persons over the age of twenty-one would be able to buy the drug for recreational use | If a particular illegal drug was legalized and treated in the same manner as alcohol and tobacco |
| The desire for the same financial rewards as everybody else | a reason the poor commit property crimes |
| the theory of differential association | Sons of fathers who have been incarcerated are at an increased risk of delinquency and arrest. The given statement exemplifies: |
| social conflict theories of crime | Strain theory and the concept of anomie seem to suggest that the unequal structure of society is, in part, to blame for criminal behavior. This argument forms the bedrock of _____ |
| criminal model of addiction | The justice system tends to favor the _____ over the medical model of addiction. |
| offenders | self-reported surveys focus on ____ |
| Psychological theories of crime | operate under the assumption that individuals have traits that make them more or less predisposed to criminal activity |
| Uniform Crime Reports | The United States' most far-reaching and oft-cited set of national crime statistics is known as the _____ |
| hypothesis | a proposition that can be tested by researchers or observers to determine if it is valid. |
| Control theory | holds that although everybody has the potential to commit crimes, most people are dissuaded from doing so because they care about the opinions of their family and peers |
| be present at court hearings | The Crime Victims' Rights Act of 2004 (CVRA) gives victims the right to |
| poor parenting | According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, low self-control can usually be attributed to: |
| Causation | refers to the relationship in which a change in one variable creates a recognizable change in another variable |
Created by:
jbrown77