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Microbiology
Agars Specific
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basic (Basal Media) | • Bare bones of nutrition |
| Basic (Basal Media) | • Contains Water, Agar, Simple Proteins |
| Basic (Basal Media) | • Not enriched • Fastidious organisms will not grow • Not differential or selective |
| Basic (Basal Media) | Ex.: Trypticase soy agar, Nutrient agar, Brain Heart Infused agar, Columbia Agar base, Mueller Hinton agar |
| Mueller Hinton Agar | specifically for susceptibility testing (AST) of non fastidious organisms |
| Mueller Hinton Agar | • Contains proteins in the form of extracts and enzyme hydrolysates. Starch absorbs toxins released from the bacteria that may affect the antibiotics performance, therefore helps with antibiotic diffusion and is a source of dextrose for energy. |
| Mueller Hinton Agar | • Low in sulfonamide, trimethoprim, tetracycline inhibitors like thymidine and thymine |
| Mueller Hinton Agar | • Can be enriched for testing fastidious organisms. |
| Blood Agar: | • Enriched because it has a blood agar base + 5-10% whole sheep’s blood |
| Blood Agar: | Differential because it allows you to see whether an organism can make a hemolysis enzyme |
| Chocolate Agar (CHOC): | • Enriched due to the hemolyzed sheep blood. |
| Chocolate Agar (CHOC): | • Contains 2% hemoglobin and supplements. |
| Chocolate Agar (CHOC): | • Grows most organisms but used especially to grow more fastidious microorganisms. |
| Chocolate Agar (CHOC): | • Not Differential because you cannot see whether hemolysin enzyme is produced as the blood is already hemolyzed. |
| Colistin Naladixic Agar (CNA): | • Enriched due to 5-10% sheep blood |
| Colistin Naladixic Agar (CNA): | • Selective due to antibiotics – will inhibit the growth of most gram-negative organisms. Allows gram positive and yeast to grow. |
| Colistin Naladixic Agar (CNA): | • Differential because you can see who hemolyzed RBC. |
| MacConkey Agar (MAC): | • Selective ingredients: Bile salts, Crystal Violet |
| MacConkey Agar (MAC): | Eliminates gram growth but allows gram-negative growth |
| MacConkey Agar (MAC): | • Differential ingredients: Lactose (carb), Neutral red (pH), |
| MacConkey Agar (MAC): | Lactose Fermenters turn bright pink, NLF are colorless. Mucoid colonies can also appear as NLF because of their capsules, while they are actually LF. |
| Mannitol Salt Agar: | • Selective through the high concentration of salt (halophilic organisms only) |
| Mannitol Salt Agar: | • Differential through: ph indicator (phenol red – yellow in acid, pink/red in basic), carbohydrate (mannitol) |
| Mannitol Salt Agar: | • Used for StaphAureus. Will grow and ferment mannitol – yellow |
| Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC): | • Differential: between entero-hemorrhagic Escherichia coli |
| Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC): | • Selective: for gram negative, inhibits gram positive. |
| Salmonella/Shigella Agar (SS): | • Selective and differential for isolation of enteric pathogens (instestinal) |
| Salmonella/Shigella Agar (SS): | • Selective ingredients: • Bile salts + sodium citrate + brilliant green • It inhibits all gram positive growth as well as gram negative organisms from normal |
| Salmonella/Shigella Agar (SS): | • Differential ingredients: • Lactose and neutral red pH indicator • Differentiates between LF and NLF (sodium thiosulphate + ferric ammonium citrate) • Differentiates between H2S and non H2S producing colonies |
| Hektoen Agar (HEK) | • Selective and differential for enteric pathogens. |
| Hektoen Agar (HEK) | • Selective ingredients: • Bile salts inhibit gram positive. • Selects for gram negative organisms- moderate to high selectivity for enter |
| Hektoen Agar (HEK) | • Differential ingredients: • 3 sugars: lactose, sucrose and salicin • Indicator is bromothymol blue + acid fuchsin. |
| Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin (CIN): | • Selective and Differential for enteric pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin (CIN): | • Selective ingredients: • Cefsulodin, irgasan, novobiocin, Na desoxycholate, and crystal violet = all inhibiting gram positive. • It also inhibits normal gut flora gram negatives from stool |
| Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin (CIN): | • Differential ingredients: • Sugar – mannitol and neutral red pH indicator. Look for the mannitol fermenters. Pink with clear edge bulls eye titties |
| Campy Agar: | Selective. Enriched for isolation of enteric pathogen ; a microaerophilic. |
| Campy Agar: | • Enriched with 10% sheep blood. |
| Campy Agar: | • Selective ingredients: • Vancomycin – inhibits gram positive organisms. • Amphotericin B & Polymyxin B inhibit yeast/fungus. • Trimethoprim - inhibits swarming gram-negative Proteus. • Cefoperazone • Na bisulfite - lowers the 02 levels |
| New York City Agar: | • Selective and enriched for isolating Neisseria gonorrhoea/meningitidis. |
| New York City Agar: | • Enriched ingredients: • Has hemoglobin from lysed horse blood, yeast dialysate and horse plasma. |
| New York City Agar: | • Selective ingredients: • Vancomycin – inhibits gram positive. • Colistin - inhibits gram-negative. • Amphotericin B – inhibits yeast. • Trimethoprim – inhibits swarming Proteus. |
| Chromogenic Agar: | • Has soluble colorless molecules called chromogens. They consist of a substrate (target specific enzyme activity) and a chromophore. |
| Chromogenic Agar: | • Advantages: it provides a color-based differentiation, which is very specific and distinctive. It will be clearly distinguishable to the naked eye and colonies will be recognizable by their color. |
| Enrichment Media | It will grow fastidious organisms or specific pathogens from a specimen known to have a lot of mixed normal flora |
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