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unit 2 ap gov
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| formal power | powers delegated to a branch of gov. listed in the us constitution |
| informal power | powers not listed in the us constitution but implied or granted |
| senate | designed to represent states equally; has 100 members and debate is less formal than the house; one-third of the senate is elected every two years |
| house | designed to represent the people; debate in the house, which has had 435 members, more formal than the senate, elected every two years |
| federal budget | generated by congress to address mandatory and discretionary spending |
| oversight | congressional authority to ensure legislation is implemented as intended, including i. review, monitoring, and supervision of bureaucratic agencies |
| speaker of the house | elected by a majority of house members and presides over the legislative work in the house |
| bill | a draft or proposed law in congress |
| committee | conduct hearings and debate and mark up bills with revisions and additions; leadership is determined by the majority political party |
| committee hearing | a method of both houses by which committee members gather and analyze info, evidence, and testimony |
| mark up | additions and or/ revisions of a bill done in congressional committee |
| rules committee | est, rules for debate on a bill in the house |
| committee of the whole | a committee formed in the house to expedite debate on bills |
| discharge petition | a filing by a house member to have a bill brought to floor for debate but rarely done |
| unanimous consent | a typical senate procedure to bring bills to the floor for debate and vote |
| hold | a filing by a senator to prevent a bill from getting to the floor for a vote |
| filibuster | a tactic to prolong debate and delay or prevent a vote on a bill |
| cloture | a procedure to end a debate |
| conference committee | meets when a bill passed by both chambers on the same topic has variation in its wording and attempt to reconcile those differences |
| mandatory spending | required by law for entitlement programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid |
| entitlements | any gov. provided or government managed benefit or service to which some or all individuals are entitled |
| social security | a social insurance program funded by a payroll tax on current employers and employees to be redistributed to qualifying individuals for retirement, disability, or survivor benefits |
| medicare | a federal government-subsidized healthcare program for qualified elderly Americans |
| medicaid | a federal government-subsidized healthcare program for qualified low-income households |
| discretionary spending | approved on an annual basis for defense spending, education, and infrastructure ; as entitlement costs grow, discretionary spending opportunities will decrease unless tax revenues increase, or the budget deficit increases |
| infrastructure | the system of public works of a country, state, or region |
| pork barrel | funding for a local project in a larger appropriation bill |
| logrolling | (combining several pieces of legislation into one bill to secure enough votes for passage) subject to clarification |
| partisan voting | when members of Congress vote based on their political party affiliation |
| polarization | the act of dividing something, especially something that contains different people or opinions, into two completely opposing groups |
| gridlock | a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people |
| reapportionment | redistribution of congressional seats to the several states based on the U.S. Census held every 10 years |
| redistricting | redrawing of congressional districts by state legislatures based on congressional reapportionment |
| gerrymandering | redrawing of congressional districts with the intent to create undue advantage for a political party |
| divided government | when one party controls the presidency and the other party controls at least one of the chambers of Congress |
| lame duck | an elected official whose successor has already been elected or will be soon |
| trustee representative | a representative who will vote on issues based on their own knowledge and judgement |
| delegate representative | a representative who sees themselves as an agent of those who elected them and will vote on issues based on the interests of their constituents |
| politico representative | uses a combination of trustee and delegate role conceptions |
| policy agenda | a list of subjects or issues to which government officials will agree to consider as part of public policymaking |
Created by:
Cthomas6