Question 1

two types of quantities that are important for describing physical systems are _________ and _________.

Accepted Answer

scalars 
vectors

Question 2

scalar:

Accepted Answer

any physical quantity that can be represented by just a number

Question 3

examples of scalars:

Accepted Answer

mass, volume, density, speed

Question 4

vector:

Accepted Answer

physical quantity that has a number and a direction

Question 5

examples of vectors:

Accepted Answer

velocity, acceleration, force, displacement, momentum

Question 6

the ___________ (or length) of a vector is a scalar quantity.

Accepted Answer

magnitude

Question 7

dividing a vector by its own magnitude gives what result?

Accepted Answer

unit vector

Question 8

unit vector:

Accepted Answer

a vector with length 1 but points in the direction of the original vector

Question 9

vector addition is the vector that points from ________ of 1st to ________ of 2nd is the sum.

Accepted Answer

tail
tip

Question 10

vector subtraction is the vector that points from _________ of 1st to _________ of reversed 2nd is the difference vector.

Accepted Answer

tail
tip

Question 11

displacement equals _________ position minus ____________ position.

Accepted Answer

final
initial

Question 12

displacement:

Accepted Answer

vector quantity that describes a change in position

Question 13

velocity:

Accepted Answer

vector quantity that describes rate of change of displacement

Question 14

average velocity:

Accepted Answer

how an object changes its displacement at a given time

Question 15

constant velocity motion is:

Accepted Answer

motion that occurs when an object travels in a straight line at constant speed

Question 16

for constant velocity motion, velocity is a constant vector and ____________ and _______________ velocity's are equal.

Accepted Answer

average
instantaneous

Question 17

for constant velocity motion, objects change position at a ______________.

Accepted Answer

constant rate

Question 18

momentum:

Accepted Answer

a vector that quantifies the "ease" with which an objects motion can be changed

Question 19

the motion of a system is governed by the __________________.

Accepted Answer

momentum principle

Question 20

the momentum principle:

Accepted Answer

predicts the motion of that system, and is the quantitative form of Newtons 1st law

Question 21

Newtonian gravitational force:

Accepted Answer

any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them.

Question 22

Newtons third law:

Accepted Answer

for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction. If object A exerts a force on object B, object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.

Question 23

for two dimension vectors it is useful to define an ____________ between vector and one of the coordinate directions

Accepted Answer

angle

Question 24

for the angle if its along the x-axis you do _________, and if its along the y-axis you do ______.

Accepted Answer

cosine
sine

Question 25

vector addition and subtraction use ______ to ________ method.

Accepted Answer

tip to tail

Question 26

relative motion:

Accepted Answer

motion of an object as observed from another object

Question 27

relative motion:
velocity of (truck/ ground):

Accepted Answer

is the velocity of the truck relative to the ground

Question 28

we use position update formula to show that the x-displacement is the __________ under the curve.

Accepted Answer

area

Question 29

if object doesn't move with constant velocity the area under curve is _____________.

Accepted Answer

still the displacement

Question 30

the momentum principle describes  how a system changes its ___________ when it experiences a net force.

Accepted Answer

motion

Question 31

when objects move in a straight line at a constant speed they experience ___________.

Accepted Answer

no net force

Question 32

when force equals change in position over change in time its considered newtons _________ law.

Accepted Answer

2nd

Question 33

when the change in position is zero, therefore the net force is zero, having a constant velocity, its considered newtons _________ law.

Accepted Answer

1st

Question 34

if a system experiences a net force it can experience either:

Accepted Answer

change in magnitude
change in momentum
change in magnitude and direction of its momentum

Question 35

change in a systems momentum equals the average net force acting on the system multiplied by ________________ over which net force acts.

Accepted Answer

time interval

Question 36

a force is a vector that quantifies _____________ between two objects

Accepted Answer

interactions

Question 37

the net force:

Accepted Answer

the vector sum of all forces acting on a system as due to systems surroundings

Question 38

newtons 2nd law of motion:

Accepted Answer

the motion of a system is governed by the momentum principle

Question 39

another equation of the momentum principle relating to acceleration is:

Accepted Answer

net force equals mass times acceleration:
(change in position/ change in time)

Question 40

acceleration:

Accepted Answer

vector quantity that quantifies how quickly velocity of a system is changing

Question 41

acceleration of a system always points in the direction of the _____________.

Accepted Answer

net force
(because mass is always a positive quantity)

Question 42

position update formula:

Accepted Answer

allows you to predict future location of a system given information about its current location and velocity

Question 43

if force in any direction is zero, then __________ and __________ doesn't change in that direction

Accepted Answer

momentum
velocity

Question 44

a system that experiences a constant net force may be subject to one or more ___________ forces.

Accepted Answer

individual

Question 45

system that experiences a force only changes its _________ in the direction of that net force.

Accepted Answer

momentum

Question 46

1D equations are valid only if net force (and acceleration) is constant, these equations are known as ______________________

Accepted Answer

kinematic equations

Question 47

constant force motion in 1D:

Accepted Answer

movement in one direction, momentum and velocity change lineally in time
(Ex. car going from point A to B)

Question 48

constant force motion in 2D:

Accepted Answer

movement in two directions or on a curved path such as projectile motion

Question 49

kinematic equations:

Accepted Answer

used to predict unknown information about an objects motion

Question 50

gravitational force is a ___________ vector

Accepted Answer

constant

Question 51

local gravitational acceleration is directed towards the _______________________.

Accepted Answer

center of earth

Question 52

gravitational force on a falling object acts in the ___________ direction

Accepted Answer

negative y

Question 53

gravity constant:

Accepted Answer

G= 6.67384 *10^-11 m^3/kgs^2

Question 54

newtons third law results from the idea that a force quantifies ______________ between two objects

Accepted Answer

interactions

Question 55

acceleration of a system tells how the __________ of the system changes

Accepted Answer

velocity

Question 56

gravitational acceleration constant:

Accepted Answer

9.81 m/s^2

Question 57

the force that a spring will exert depends on _________ and in what _________ its stretched or compressed relative to its relaxed length

Accepted Answer

how far
direction

Question 58

all springs have a ____________ where they are neither stretched nor compressed

Accepted Answer

relaxed length

Question 59

K sub s stands for:

Accepted Answer

spring constant that characterizes stiffness of spring

Question 60

the s vector describes:

Accepted Answer

stretch of spring, its magnitude and difference of length of spring from relaxed length
formula: ( s equals L(length of spring) - L sub 0( relaxed length of spring))

Question 61

spring force always points in the direction ___________ stretch.

Accepted Answer

opposite

Question 62

spring force:

Accepted Answer

used to describe class of forces that can be modeled using spring force formula

Question 63

any interaction that increases linearly with displacement of an object and points in the opposite direction of that displacement is a ______________ interaction.

Accepted Answer

spring-like

Question 64

elastic limit:

Accepted Answer

length beyond which a spring will no longer return to its relaxed length after being strecthed

PHY 183 Exam 1

Exam 1 Flashcards

Question	Answer
two types of quantities that are important for describing physical systems are _________ and _________.	scalars vectors
scalar:	any physical quantity that can be represented by just a number
examples of scalars:	mass, volume, density, speed
vector:	physical quantity that has a number and a direction
examples of vectors:	velocity, acceleration, force, displacement, momentum
the ___________ (or length) of a vector is a scalar quantity.	magnitude
dividing a vector by its own magnitude gives what result?	unit vector
unit vector:	a vector with length 1 but points in the direction of the original vector
vector addition is the vector that points from ________ of 1st to ________ of 2nd is the sum.	tail tip
vector subtraction is the vector that points from _________ of 1st to _________ of reversed 2nd is the difference vector.	tail tip
displacement equals _________ position minus ____________ position.	final initial
displacement:	vector quantity that describes a change in position
velocity:	vector quantity that describes rate of change of displacement
average velocity:	how an object changes its displacement at a given time
constant velocity motion is:	motion that occurs when an object travels in a straight line at constant speed
for constant velocity motion, velocity is a constant vector and ____________ and _______________ velocity's are equal.	average instantaneous
for constant velocity motion, objects change position at a ______________.	constant rate
momentum:	a vector that quantifies the "ease" with which an objects motion can be changed
the motion of a system is governed by the __________________.	momentum principle
the momentum principle:	predicts the motion of that system, and is the quantitative form of Newtons 1st law
Newtonian gravitational force:	any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them.
Newtons third law:	for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction. If object A exerts a force on object B, object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.
for two dimension vectors it is useful to define an ____________ between vector and one of the coordinate directions	angle
for the angle if its along the x-axis you do _________, and if its along the y-axis you do ______.	cosine sine
vector addition and subtraction use ______ to ________ method.	tip to tail
relative motion:	motion of an object as observed from another object
relative motion: velocity of (truck/ ground):	is the velocity of the truck relative to the ground
we use position update formula to show that the x-displacement is the __________ under the curve.	area
if object doesn't move with constant velocity the area under curve is _____________.	still the displacement
the momentum principle describes how a system changes its ___________ when it experiences a net force.	motion
when objects move in a straight line at a constant speed they experience ___________.	no net force
when force equals change in position over change in time its considered newtons _________ law.	2nd
when the change in position is zero, therefore the net force is zero, having a constant velocity, its considered newtons _________ law.	1st
if a system experiences a net force it can experience either:	change in magnitude change in momentum change in magnitude and direction of its momentum
change in a systems momentum equals the average net force acting on the system multiplied by ________________ over which net force acts.	time interval
a force is a vector that quantifies _____________ between two objects	interactions
the net force:	the vector sum of all forces acting on a system as due to systems surroundings
newtons 2nd law of motion:	the motion of a system is governed by the momentum principle
another equation of the momentum principle relating to acceleration is:	net force equals mass times acceleration: (change in position/ change in time)
acceleration:	vector quantity that quantifies how quickly velocity of a system is changing
acceleration of a system always points in the direction of the _____________.	net force (because mass is always a positive quantity)
position update formula:	allows you to predict future location of a system given information about its current location and velocity
if force in any direction is zero, then __________ and __________ doesn't change in that direction	momentum velocity
a system that experiences a constant net force may be subject to one or more ___________ forces.	individual
system that experiences a force only changes its _________ in the direction of that net force.	momentum
1D equations are valid only if net force (and acceleration) is constant, these equations are known as ______________________	kinematic equations
constant force motion in 1D:	movement in one direction, momentum and velocity change lineally in time (Ex. car going from point A to B)
constant force motion in 2D:	movement in two directions or on a curved path such as projectile motion
kinematic equations:	used to predict unknown information about an objects motion
gravitational force is a ___________ vector	constant
local gravitational acceleration is directed towards the _______________________.	center of earth
gravitational force on a falling object acts in the ___________ direction	negative y
gravity constant:	G= 6.67384 *10^-11 m^3/kgs^2
newtons third law results from the idea that a force quantifies ______________ between two objects	interactions
acceleration of a system tells how the __________ of the system changes	velocity
gravitational acceleration constant:	9.81 m/s^2
the force that a spring will exert depends on _________ and in what _________ its stretched or compressed relative to its relaxed length	how far direction
all springs have a ____________ where they are neither stretched nor compressed	relaxed length
K sub s stands for:	spring constant that characterizes stiffness of spring
the s vector describes:	stretch of spring, its magnitude and difference of length of spring from relaxed length formula: ( s equals L(length of spring) - L sub 0( relaxed length of spring))
spring force always points in the direction ___________ stretch.	opposite
spring force:	used to describe class of forces that can be modeled using spring force formula
any interaction that increases linearly with displacement of an object and points in the opposite direction of that displacement is a ______________ interaction.	spring-like
elastic limit:	length beyond which a spring will no longer return to its relaxed length after being strecthed
if you stretch or compress spring beyond point, the ___________ is no longer linear with displacement and elasticity of the spring will break down.	force
spring interactions are a _____________ force	non constant
for spring force you use the "output" you obtain from a system performing the 4 steps as the _______________ for next round of predictions.	"input"
the four steps to predict motion iteratively:	1. calculate the vector forces acting on system 2. update the momentum principle 3. update the position of the system 4. repeat
what step is important in iterative predictions?	time step (the smaller the steps the more accurate the predication)
free body diagrams include ONLY the _____________.	forces acting on an object/system
effective spring constant:	model springs attached end-to-end as one hypothetical spring that stretches the same amount under the same load of chains
when you add two springs to hold an object the stretch of each spring is __________ from the original stretch of one spring.	halved
stress:	measure of tension or compression in material per unit area
strain:	measure of fractional stretching and compressing of a material
young's modulus formula for stress and strain:	force of tension divided by cross sectional area (stress) divided by change in length divided by relaxed length (strain)

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