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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ______ of the brain houses the motor cortex and areas responsible for judgment, decisions, and planning | frontal lobe |
| the chloride ions in the runner's nerves are moving from areas of high concentration in a process known as | diffusion |
| Dina is currently indulging in her sweet tooth by eating an entire box of her favorite Swiss chocolates. Her actions, which are designed to bring her emotional pleasure and gratification, might be related to activation of her __________. | limbic system |
| Emily's brain released the neurotransmitter GABA, which reduced her nerve's chance of reaching its threshold of excitation. What type of molecule is GABA | inhibitory postsynaptic potential |
| Umar has recently been involved in an accident and has a head injury. The neurologist on the case informs his wife there was severe damage to Umar's brain stem and there is nothing that can be done to save his life. What structure won't be affected? | the amygdala |
| Why are you limited to how much visual information you are able to process at any one given moment? | the neurons in your physical cortex are wired in an inhibitory way |
| the average human brain contains about __________ neurons | 86 billion |
| the three major parts of the neuron are the dendrites, axon, and ___________________. | soma |
| Potassium (K+) ions and Sodium (Na+) ions repel each other due to | electrostatic pressure |
| Maritza saw that the softball was coming toward her, so she moved her hand to catch it. What neuron helped process the ball's visual image and plan the appropriate hand movement to catch it? | interneuron |
| What are the gaps in the myelin sheath on an axon known as? | nodes of ranvier |
| What type of neuron initiates physical movement and allows people to move through the world? | motor neuron |
| Communication between neurons is accomplished using what type of energy? | chemical |
| Although Janay's brain makes up only about ____ percent of her total body weight, it uses about _____ percent of the total oxygen and calories she consumes. Janay's brain size and resource usage is similar to that of most human beings. | 2; 20 |
| Some of Stefan's neurons died as they aged. What type of cell helped digest their remains? | glial cells |
| The representation of body parts in primary sensory cortex is: | larger for body areas requiring greater sensitivity |
| Which of the following are contained in the diencephalon? | the thalamus and the hypothalamus |
| Which of the following represents an accurate pairing of a sensory/perceptual system to the appropriate lobe of the cerebral hemispheres? | temporal lobe - auditory processing |
| The heavily myelinated fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres are collectively called the: | corpus callosum |
| Despite potential dangers, marijuana has been legalized in some places. Which factor is most likely related to this trend? | The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes has shown a potentially positive side of the drug. |
| Kia went to a hypnotherapist for treatment. Which of her problems might hypnotherapy be most helpful for? | quitting smoking |
| Which type of brain activity is associated with wakeful states? | beta waves |
| Which of the following is a major advantage of the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)? | it is difficult to fake |
| Which of the following is NOT an effect of alcohol? | a decrease in the neurotransmitter GABA |
| Which of the following is the best definition of hypnosis? | a form of relaxation in which focus is diminished and suggestibility is increased |
| If Janet were to fly from Toronto to London, she might have difficulty adjusting to the new time. This is likely because _______. | her circadian rhythms are adjusted to the time in Toronto |
| Which of the following is characteristic of hallucinogenic substances? | alterations in visual perception or sense of time |
| Consciousness can best be described as: | a state of awareness of the self and of the environment |
| Which of the following best explains the concept of "levels of awareness"? | Awareness is a continuum that includes both high and low awareness. |
| If you were to shine a flashlight on one side of your face there would be differences in the pattern of light and darkness across your facial features. This would be an example of: | contrast |
| Which of the following is an advantage of binocular vision? | the ability to estimate the distance of objects |
| Karen is ready for sleep. She walks to her bed. But, she steps on a bone. She likely stepped on the bone because she didn't wait long enough for the process of _____________ to kick in which, allows her to see better in the dark. | dark adaptation |
| Which stage of sleep is characterized by a deeping state of relaxation, and slowing brain waves with short bursts of heightened electrical activity? | Stage 2 |
| About 1 in 200 people experiences a blending of senses such as perceiving a number of letter as a color (e.g. "1" is seen as red). This is called: | synesthesia |
| The ____________ is the brain structure most commonly associated with our internal "biological clock". | superchiasmatic nucleus |
| photoreceptors are located in the | retina |
| Which of the following would have an affect on your body's circadian regulation of the sleep-wake cycle? | your brain's production of melatonin |
| The circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness responds to which indicators of time? | temperature, light, food/fluid intake |
| As we age, humans require ____________ sleep per night. | less |
| Which of the following is an example of a major breakthrough that has recently been made in vision science? | Photosensitive circuits can now be implanted on the back of the eyeball of blind people to connect to visual areas of the brain. |
| Which theory supports the notion that when you stare at a blue dot on a piece of paper and then look at a while wall right after, that you see the after-image of the dot, but in yellow? | the opponent-process theory of color vision |
| You walk outside at night with a friend and sit on the patio. At first, you cannot see her face well but after several minutes her face slowly becomes more visible. This is because: | contrast gain: your eyes become more sensitive to the available contrast |
| Many people believe that vision is largely a matter of the eyes and brain receiving amounts of light. In fact, _________ is far more important to vision. | contrast |
| Cones are photoreceptors that operate in lighted environments and can encode fine visual details. These photoreceptors are located where in the retina? | the central region of the fovea |
| When Reena, sitting in the living room, hears a crashing sound she can tell it is coming from the kitchen rather than the bedroom. Which of the following best explains this? | The difference in hearing between each of Reena's 2 ears helps locate the source of sound. |
| If you were to destroy a portion of a rat's amygdala, what would be the most likely outcome? | The rat would display diminished fear in response to a normally fearful stimulus. |
| In the "rubber hand illusion," what two unimodal senses interact in the participant's perception? | tactile and visual |
| How might an affective neuroscientist describe the different between "love" and "desire"? | Love tends to be more associated with care between organisms, rather than approach-oriented behaviors that might indicate desire or wanting something. |
| We perceive distance depending on the ratio of direct-to-reverberant energy. As a noise moves farther away, this ratio of energy _____________. | decreases |
| Recent attempts to uncover the mechanisms of "auditory scene analysis" have used computational and neurally based approaches. What value do these approaches have in trying to understand the parsing and perception of complex auditory scenes? | They may help provide new approaches to creating hearing aids and cochlear implants. |
| Drugs like cannabis and opiates promote liking and an increased tendency to use by activating dopamine circuits in the _______________. | nucleus accumbens |
| When a stimulus is presented in a neuron's ______, that neuron responds by increasing or decreasing its firing rate. | receptive field |
| According to the ______, the effectiveness of multisensory enhancement is inversely related to the unimodal response with the greatest effect. | principle of inverse effectiveness |
| Much of our perception of visual stimuli occurs in the visual cortex. Much of our perception of auditory stimuli occurs in the: | temporal lobe |
| During his wedding, Juan noticed all the sights, sounds, and even smells. Processing the combination of sensory input simultaneously is known as ______perception. | multimodal |
| What source of information relies on the fact that a sound source on the left will generate sound that will reach the left ear slightly before it reaches the right ear? | interaural time differences (ITD) |
| A multimodal stimulus produces a greater effect than if the same unimodial stimuli were combined. What is this phenomenon known as? | supperadditve effect of multisensory |
| Which of the following best describes the range of human perception of sound? | humans can hear an enormously dynamic range of sound |
| The neural circuits associated with grief are most closely overlapping with what other neural system? | pain |
| Wanda hears a loud bang. She perceives it coming from the left of where she's standing because the sound level at the left ear was somewhat higher than the sound level at the right ear. What source of information does this example demonstrate? | interaural level differences (ILD) |
| What type of receptive field can be stimulated by a stimulus from more than one sensory modality? | crossmodal |
| Fast and slow wave forms are perceived as _________ and form the basis for melody in music and contours in speech. | pitch |
| What is one way to help you increase the likelihood that you demonstrate self-control when it comes to goal oriented behaviors? | Identify potential self-control conflicts (i.e., temptations). |
| The effects that one's emotions have on other people refer to the _________ functions of emotions. | interpersonal |
| Kenzie has gone to the gym twice this week. When she has an opportunity to have a slice of birthday cake she turns it down because she is thinking of the effort she has already invested in her health. Which concept is this? | highlighting |
| You want to get in shape. Your classmates invite you to get ice-cream with them. You are torn between your commitment to work out and your desire to hang out with your friends. Ultimately, you decide to work out. You are demonstrating _____ | self-control |
| __________ motivation stems from the inherent pleasure associated with pursuing a goal, such as having a fulfilling experience. | intrinsic |
| John is Canadian having dinner with his Chinese friends. He shows his enthusiasm and his anger about various topics as they speak. John notices that his friends smile and nod but that they do not display strong emotions. This is an example of ________. | cultural influence on emotion norms |
| When motivation is driven by the benefits associated with achieving a goal, such as fame or fortune, it is __________. | extrinsic |
| When you drink spoiled milk or put a rancid piece of cheese in your mouth, you may spit it out before you have any cognitive awareness of why you are feeling disgusted. From an evolutionary perspective, this demonstrates which concept? | emotions help us act with minimally conscious awareness |
| When Christa gets angry, she is motivated to be productive so she can overcome her anger. She also notices whenever she is angry she gets very warm and perspires excessively. These changes demonstrate the ________ functions of an emotion. | intrapersonal |
| Janis wants to keep a clean home. Cleaning isn't the most enjoyable activity to her she discovers something: when she sweeps the kitchen she feels like putting more effort into cleaning. How might we describe this in psychological terms? | Commitment: Janis interpreted her previous action of sweeping as a sign of commitment, thus highlighting the pursuit of her goal to keep a clean home. |
| Ashook has three final exams this week, one for calculus, history, and microbiology. He is trying to decide which one to study for tonight. Ashook is currently in the ________ phase of self-regulation. | deliberative |
| Our emotions are influenced, in part, by our cultures. Culture provides information about which emotions it is ideal to have. How do people learn these cultural messages? | they are taught to us by our caregivers and through books, movies, advertisements and other cultural products. |
| Johan knows that when he goes to a casino he gambles more than he can afford to lose, & he's worried he may be developing a gambling problem. What is a behavioral strategy that could help him demonstrate increased self-control in this area? | avoiding going to casinos at all |
| Cultural ________ rules are norms regarding the management and modification of emotional expressions based on cultural standards. | display |
| Which of the following is one of the physical responses that are immediately inspired by an emotional experience? | shutting down of unneeded digestive processes |
| Dr. Z emphasizes earning good grades. He says that if students don't get good grades, they won't get in to graduate school or will miss out on job opportunities. Dr Zaius' emphasis on the negative outcomes of grades illustrates a __ focus. | prevention |
| Addison believes he can get into the local state college and desperately wants to attend. Taken together, his value of the goal and his expectation that he can achieve it show up as his: | goal commitment |
| Howie hates his job at Fikshunal Co. He works long hours, is underappreciated, and has a rude boss. The only reason he continues to work at Fikshunal is because he needs the money and benefits he receives. This is an example of ________. | extrinsic motivation |
| Marlon knows when he is sad, his girlfriend becomes particularly nurturing & tries to take care of him. While he does not particularly want to feel these emotions, the response it draws from his girlfriend demonstrates the ________ function of emotions. | interpersonal |
| The first of two basic stages of self-regulation, called the ________ phase, sees an individual deciding which of many potential goals to pursue at a given point in time. | deliberative |
Created by:
claire.klein