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The Iliad
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cyclic Poems | Group of ancient Greek epic poems once part of epic tradition, cyclic because they formed a cycle of stories related to the events of the Trojan War |
| Heinrich Schliemann | German Archaeologist who excavated Mycenae and found shaft graves in 1876 |
| Hissarlik | Archaeological site in modern-day Turkey believed to be the location of the ancient city of Troy |
| Moira | Greek word for fate, which means a “portion” |
| Atê | Madness, delusion, blindness, which clouds the minds of gods and men |
| Timê | “Value, worth,” the honor for which a hero strives |
| Alexandrian Vulgate | Standardized version of the Homeric texts that was created in Alexandria, Egypt during the Hellenistic period which aimed to establish a single authoritative version of the Iliad |
| Unitarian View | Position that treats Homer as a single individual responsible for composing the Iliad, contrasts with the Analyst view which suggests it was multiple authors that contributed |
| Euboea | One of the largest Greek islands located in the Aegean Sea, has a rich history and was mentioned in various ancient texts |
| Aoidos | Greek word for such oral poets as Homer and Hesiod (contrast with “rhapsode”) |
| Rhapsode | “Staff-singer,” performer who memorized written poetry, especially Homer (contrast with “aoidoi”) |
| Palamedes | Son of Nauplius, clever enemy of Odysseus in post Homeric tradition, perhaps the name of the inventor of the Greek alphabet |
| The Sea Peoples | Group of mysterious seafaring peoples known for their invasions and disruptions of various civilizations |
| The Mycenaeans | Ancient Greek civilization that existed from around 15-12c BCE known for advanced culture and Linear B |
| The Minoans | Bronze Age inhabitants of Crete |
| Dactylic Hexameter | Specific meter or rhythmic pattern used in ancient Greek poetry, consists of 6 feet (hexameter) with the first four feet typically containing a dactyl (long-short-short) followed by two more feet of various patterns |
| Milman Parry | American classicist, creator of the oral-formulaic theory of Homeric composition |
| Venetus A | The oldest complete manuscript of the Iliad |
| Friedrich Wolf | German classicist who formulated the modern Homeric Question |
| Boustrophedon | Style of writing in which the text is written from left to right on one line and right to left on the other, like an ox plowing a field |
| Hittites | Indo-European Bronze Age warrior people in central Anatolia; their capital was Hattusas near modern Ankara |
| Luvian hieroglyphics | Writing system of the Luvian language, used in inscriptions during the Bronze Age |
| Pithekoussai | Ancient Greek settlement located on the island of Ischia in the Tyrrhenian Sea known for archaeological remains and role as an early Greek Colony |
| Chryses | Father of Chryseïs, a priest of Apollo whom Agamemnon insulted |
| Chryseis | Daughter of Chryses, given as booty to Agamemnon |
| Geras | “Prize”, the outward and visible representation of a hero’s honor (refer to timê) |
| Epithet | Descriptive term or phrase used to characterize a person, place, thing, highlighting key qualities |
| “Phoenician Alphabet” | Precursor to many modern alphabets including the Greek alphabet originating with the ancient Phoenician civilization and was significant in the development of writing systems in the Mediterranean |
| Agamemnon | Son of Atreus, Brother of Menelaus, leader of Greek forces at Troy |
| Hector | Greatest of the Trojan warriors, married to Andromachê, killed by Achilles |
| Priam | King of Troy, son of Laomedon, husband of Hekabê, father of Hector and Paris |
| Hephaistos | Greek god of smiths, son of Zeus and Hera (or Hera alone) |
| Bellerophon | Hero from Greek mythology known for his adventures including slaying of Chimera with help from winged horse Pegasus |
| Thetis | Sea nymph, mother of Achilles |
| Patroklos | Son of Menoitios, Achilles’ best friend, killed by Hector |
Created by:
Cluangrath