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chapter 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the differ in sign and symptom? | sign- objective, you can see symptom- subjective, patient is gonna tell you. |
| name some signs | swelling, color, bp |
| name some symptoms | pain, nausea, shortness of breathe |
| purposes of interview and medical history? | establishment between clinician and patient obtain info essential for diagnosis monitor changes |
| how many ft for social and personal space? | social-4-12ft personal-2-4ft |
| example of nondirectional question | how is you're breathing? |
| Name common questions to ask for each symptom. | when did it start? how severe is it? where on the body? has it occurred before? what makes worse or better? |
| what is dyspnea? | shortness of breath. |
| what is breathlessness? | unpleasant urge to breathe. |
| what is orthopnea? | hard of breathing except when sitting up. happens in CHF |
| what is platypnea? | shortness of breath when sitting up. happens in chronic liver disease. |
| What is orthodeoxia? | oxygen desaturation on assuming upright position. |
| what is trepopnea? | lying on side relieves dyspnea. |
| To raise a patients CO2, what should you suggest? | breathing in a brown paper bag. |
| common non specific symptom in pulmonary disease patients? | cough |
| How does a cough occur? | cough receptors are stimulated by inflammation, mucus, noxious gas, or foreign material. |
| how long is considered a chronic cough? | 8 weeks or longer |
| What is phlegm? | mucus not contaminated by mouth, can be suctioned |
| This you can cough out of mouth | sputum |
| foul smelling sputum | fetid |
| what does purulent mean? | thick and sticky |
| coughing up blood or blood streaked sputum | hemoptysis |
| what is considered mass hemoptysis | more than 300mL of blood over 24 hours |
| common causes of mass hemoptysis | lung absecess tuberculosis |
| common cause of non massive hemoptysis | airway infection trauma pulmonary embolism tuberculosis |
| what is frank hemoptysis? | mostly blood |
| Hematemesis defintion | vomiting blood from gastrointestinal tract |
| What is pleuritic chest pain? | sharp pain increasing with deep breathing, located laterally or posterially. |
| What is non pleuritic chest pain? | located in center of chest and may radiate to the shoulder or arm, not effected by breathing. |
| what is agina? | chest pain |
| what is a normal temp? | 98.6 |
| what temp is a fever? | greater than 101 |
| Another name for having a fever? | febrile |
| what is Afebrile | no fever |
| Causes of fever | cancer head trauma burns pneumonia tuberculosis |
| Fever of 102 for two days or more with chills is signals of a what? | infection |
| what is pitting edema? | indention in skin |
| what is weeping edema? | leakage through the skin |
| What is pedal edema ? | swelling or lower extremities usually due to heart failure |
| How do you calculate pack years? | number of packs a day x number of years |
| example of social history? | occupation drinking homeless HIV |
| DNR | do not resusitate (red band) |
| DNI | do not intubate |
| AND | allows natural death |
| four steps of physical examination? | inspection (visible exam) palpation (touching) percussion (tapping) auscultation (listening with stethoscope) |
| 5 general appearance indicators | level of consciousness facial expression level of anxiety body positioning personal hygiene |
| What is sensorium? | level on consciousness and orientation to time- place, person, situation |
| what is diaphorisis | sweating |
| glascocoma scale | level of consciousness |
| hyperthermia or hyperexia | increased temp |
| hypothermia | decreased temp |
| when is temp the lowest | morning |
| what is hypercapnia | high CO2 levels |
| resting adult respiratory rate | 12 to 18 breathes per min |
| tachypnea | greater than 20 breathes per minute |
| bradypnea | less than 10 breathes per minute |
| diastolic pressure | 60 to 90 |
| systolic | 90 to 140 |
| apnea is what? | no breathing |
| normal pulse pressure? | 30 to 40 differ between systolic diastolic |
| hypertension | high bp |
| hypotension | low bp |
| common plave to take pulse | wrist |
| paradoxis is what? | decrease in pulse strength |
| what is defined as shock? | inadequate delivery of O2 to vital organs |
| what is syncope | fainting |
| what is synosis | blue or purple lips and gums |
| nasal flaring is an indicator of what? | respiratory distress , increased work of breathing |
| jugular venous distention is seen in what patients | CHF |
| what is barrel chest ? | abnormal increase in AP diameter |
| exelation is what? | passive=not hard |
| inward sinkinh of the chest wall during inspiration | retractions |
| downward moving of thyroid cartilage | tracheal tugging |
| kussmaul breathing define | deep fast respirations |
| when diaphram can't relax | emphisema |
| hyperinflation means what | flat |
| deep gasping inspiration with brief expiration | apneustic breathing |
| how to perform percussion | middle finger between rib cage and tap on finger |
| diaphramatic excursion should be | 3 to 5cm |
| plueural friction rub sound | grading krinking sound |
| bronchophony repeats what number | 99 |
| egophony repeats what | A |
| what vent is most forcifull | left |
| what is a murmur caused by | backflow through valve |
| clubbing caused by | enlargment of falangy |
| capillary refill color should return in | 3 to 5 secs |
Created by:
haleyspaulding