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Chapter 4A&P
A&P test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is primarily concerned with the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body? | Urinary system |
| What performs the function of a blood filter, and then as a blood processor? | Kidneys |
| What is a smooth transparent membrane that adheres tightly to the external aspect of the kidney? | Fibrous capsule |
| What is the superficial kidney region, which is lighter in color? | Kidney cortex |
| What is deep to the cortex and is a darker, reddish brown color? | Medullary region |
| What is segregated into triangular regions that have a striped, or striated appearance? | Medullary pyramid |
| What points to the innermost kidney region? | Apex |
| What is medial to the hilum; a relaticely flat, basinlike cavity that is continuous with the ureter? | Renal pelvis |
| What are areas of tissue which are more like the cortex in appearance, and segregate and dip inward between the pyramids? | Renal columns |
| What are the larger or primary extension called of the renal pelvis? | Major calyces |
| Approx. a fourth of the total blood flow of the body is delivered to the kidneys each minute by what? | The renal arteries |
| As a renal artery approaches the kidney, it breaks up into branches called what, which enter the hilum? | Segmental arteries |
| What does each segmental artery divide into and also then ascends toward the cortex in the renal column areas? | Interlobar arteries |
| At the top of the medullary region these arteries give off arching branches and curve over the bases of the medullary pyramids. | Arcuate arteries |
| What branch off the arcuate arteries and ascend into the cortex, giving off the individual afferent arterioles? | Cortical radiate arteries |
| What provides the capillary networks that supply the nephrons or functional units of the kidney? | afferent arterioles |
| Blood draining from the nephron capillary networks in the cortex enters what then drains through what and what to finally enter the what in the pelvis region? | cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins and renal vein |
| what are anatomical units responsible for forming urine? | Nephrons |
| Each nephron consists of two what major structures? | A glomerulus and a renal tubule |
| What is the enlarged end of the tubule encasing the glomerulus? | Bowman's capsule |
| What is the Bowmans' capsule and its inner wall consisted of? | podocytes |
| What clings to the endothelial wall of the glomerular capillaries, thus forming a very porous epithelial membrane surrounding the glomerulus? | podocytes |
| The glomerulus capsule complex is sometimes called what? | renal corpuscle |
| What receives urine from many nephrons, and runs downward through the medullary pyramids giving them their striped appearance? | Collecting ducts |
| What arises from the efferent arteriole draining the glomerulus? | peritubular capillary bed |
| The juxtammedullary nephrons have additional looping vessels called what? | vasa recta |
| Each nephron has a region called a what that plays an important role in forming concentrated urine? | juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| Urine formation is a result of what three processes? | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
| Who has the role of filtration? | glomerulus |
| What is a largely a passive process in which a portion of the blood passes from the glomerular bed into the glomerular capsule? | filtration |
| What is it called when many of the filtrate components move through the tuble cells and return to the blood in the peritubular capillaries? | tubular reabsorption |
| What is essentially the reverse process of tubular reabsorption? | Tubular secretion |
| What is another word for voiding? | micturition |
| What two sphincter muscles or valves control the outflow of urine from the bladder? | Internal and external urethral sphincter |
| How much can the bladder hold until stretch receptors fire? | 200-300 ml |
| What is lack of voluntary control over the external sphincter? | incontinence |
Created by:
mlathrop