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human anatomy

Skeletal system

QuestionAnswer
(Function of the skeletal system) what is the SUPPORT. Framework for body and site for attachments
(Function of the skeletal system) Storage of minerals? Calcium and phosphate
(Function of the skeletal system) Hemopoesis? Blood cell production
(Function of the skeletal system) Protection? Surrounds important organs and structures.
(Function of the skeletal system) Leverage? allows for movement in conjunction with muscles.
(Bone classification) Flat bones? Thin, roughly parallel surface, points of attachment for muscles. Example; cranial bones, sternum.
(Bone classification) Sutural bones? Formed between cranial bones, number, size, and shape vary
(Bone classification) Long bones? Relatively long and slender, levers for movement with muscles. Examples; various bones of the limbs
(Bone classification) Irregular bones ? Complex shape, protects internal organs. examples; vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones
(Bone classification) Sesamoid bones? Small, flat, shaped like sesame seed, protects tendons from compressive force, develop in tendons of knee, hands, & feet
(Bone classification) Short bones? Small boxy, stability and support; some movement Examples: bones of the wrist (carpels) and ankles (tarsals)
(Bones Structure) Diaphysis? (long) Shaft, compact bone
(Bones Structure) Epiphysis? (end of long) Distal & proximal ends of bone, spongy bone containing red marrow.
(Bones Structure) Metaphysis ? Contains epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
(Bones Structure) Articular cartilage? Hyaline cartilage for support
(Bones Structure) Periosteum? Connective tissue covering on outside of bone
(Bones Structure) Medullary cavity? Hollow center containing blood vessels, nerves, and yellow marrow.
(Bone cells) Osteogenic cells? Develop into osteoblasts, Important in fracture repair.
(Bone cells) Osteoblasts? Produce bony matrix (ossification) Helps convert osteoid into bone via calcium deposition
(Bone cells) Osteocytes? Mature bone cells isolated in lacunae, Maintain mineral concentration of matrix.
(Bone cells) Osteoclasts? Bone resorption (removing and remodeling of bony matrix) Digestive enzymes for osteolysis.
(The Osteon) Osteon? Main Structural unit of compact bone.
(The Osteon) Central canal? Center of osteon containing blood vessels and nerves
(The Osteon) Lacuna? Space between layers containing osteocytes
(The Osteon) Perforating canal? Connects adjoining osteons; contains blood vessels and nerves
(The Osteon) Lamellae? Layers; concentric rings of solid bone
(The Osteon) Canaliculus? Join osteocytes; filled with nutritive fluid.
Two types of fractures? Closed or simple and Open or compound
What are closed or simple fractures? Completely internal Only seen on x-rays
What are open or compound fractures? Project through skin, More dangerous due to: infection Uncontrolled bleeding
(Types of fractures) Tranverse? Breaks a bone across its long axis
(Types of fractures) Spiral Fraction? Twisting stresses that spread along the length of the bone (red flag for child abuse)
(Types of fractures) Displaced Fractures? New and abnormal bone alignments
(Types of fractures) Compression Fractures? occurs in vertebrae, by forces that arise when you land on your seat in a fall.
(Types of fractures) Greenstick Fractures? only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent, occurs in children whose bones have yet to ossify.
(Types of fractures) Comminuted Fractures? shatters the affected area into a multitude of bony fragments.
(Types of fractures) Epiphyseal Fractures? occurs where then bone matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes are dying.
(Types of fractures) A Pott Fractures? Occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the leg.
(Types of fractures) A Colles Fractures? A break in the distal portion of the radius (when you reach out to catch your fall)
(Types of fractures) Corner and bucket handle fractures? Sign of child abuse; usually when someone is shaking the child or person around or back and forth.
Created by: hw0993422
 



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