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public speaking 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| public speaking is a form of | empowerment |
| skills of conversation | 1.) organizing thoughts logically 2.) tailoring your message to audience 3) telling a story for maximum impact 4.) adapting to a listener's feedback |
| positive nervousness | controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for their presentation "a zesty, enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge" |
| stage ------------ instead of stage fright | excitement |
| visualization | mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures themself giving a successful presentation |
| 7 elements of speech communication | 1) Speaker 2) Message 3) Channel 4) Listener 5) Feedback 6) Interference 7) Situation |
| Speaker | the person who presents an oral message |
| Message | whatever a speaker communicates to someone else |
| Channel | the means by which a message is communicated |
| Listener | the person who receives the message - the message is different for everyone bc of frame of reference - the public speaker must adapt the message to the particular audience |
| Frame of reference | the listener filters the message based on their knowledge, experiences, goals, values, and attitudes |
| Feedback | the message, usually nonverbal, the audience sends back |
| Interference | anything that impedes the communication of the message |
| external interference | traffic noises, students talking in the hall |
| internal interference | inside a listener's head, out of our control, ex) toothache, worried about a test |
| Situation | time and place of the speech |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups/cultures |
| ethical communication | an exchange of responsible and trustworthy messages |
| global plagiarism | stealing your speech entirely from another source |
| patchwork plagiarism | occurs when a speaker steals from multiple sources and "patches" together a speech that is not their own |
| incremental plagiarism | when a speaker fails to give credit for particular parts-increments- of a speech that are borrowed from other people. |
| appreciative listening | for pleasure/enjoyment |
| empathic listening | to provide emotional support |
| comprehensive listening | understanding a message |
| critical listening | evaluate a message |