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APUSH Test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| scalawags | white Southerners who joined the Republican party hoped to gain political offices, and improve their economic and political position |
| carpetbaggers | Northerners who moved to the South after the war wanted to exploit the south's postwar turmoil for their own profit Freedmen's Bureau men. Buy land or new businesses, dishonest businesspeople |
| 13th amendment (1865) | abolition of slavery without compensation for slave owners |
| 14th amendment (1868) | Grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the US"; it forbids any state to deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws." |
| 15th amendment (1870) | USA cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed |
| Radical Republicans | strongly opposed Lincoln's plan. Led by Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens Feared restoration of the planter class and re-enslavement Felt the South was at fault for the war, and should be stripped of political power |
| Wade-Davis Bill (1864) | needed half voters to take an oath of allegiance. had an "Ironclad Oath" denouncing the former CSA and stated they never backed it. had strict safeguards for emancipation as a need to reenter. Passed on July 2, Lincoln was able to pocket veto the measure. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Assisted former slaves and poor whites in the South by distributing clothing and food. Set up more than 40 hospitals, 4,000 schools, 61 industrial institutes, and 74 teaching training centers Veto Override |
| Thaddeus Stevens | Leader of the Radical Republicans |
| Lincoln's 10% Plan | A state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its total voters had taken an oath to Congress |
| Presidential Reconstruction | Prevented elites and rich Southerners from taking voting oath, ignored ex-slaves' land, voting, and legal rights, pardoned 13k ex-Confederates, excluded ex-slave voting. |
| Congressional Reconstruction | Congress drafted the 14th Amendment, which provided a constitutional basis for the Civil Rights Act. In favor of Freedmen's Bureau and and Civil Rights act |
| Radical Reconstruction | Did not recognize state governments under Lincoln's and Johnson's plans - except TN. Divided the other 10 former CSA's into 5 military districts, each headed by a Union general. |
| Radical Reconstruction (district voters) | District voters, incl. Black men, elected delegates for new state constitutions. Reentry mandated Black male suffrage and 14th Amendment ratification, with veto override. |
| KKK | Confederate veterans' social club aimed to restore white supremacy, known as the "Invisible Empire." Used fear, violence to suppress Black vote, laying groundwork for Jim Crow laws. aka white knights of camelia, guardians of the South, decency committees |
| Legacy of Reconstruction | - 13-15th Amendments - Seward's Folly (Buying Alaska for 7.2 million) - Lack of guaranteed rights, without enforcement - Did not transform antebellum attitude |
| Tenure of Office Act | president could not remove cabinet officers "during the term of the president by whom they have been appointed" without the consent of the Senate Act was Tested, 11 charges of impeachment, one short of 2/3 |
| Redeemers/Home Rule | Democrats achieved goal of Home Rule after election of 1876, the ability to run state governments without federal intervention. Redeemers set out to rescue the South from what they viewed as a decade of mismanagement by Northerners, Republicans, and AA |
| black codes | discriminatory laws that severely restricted African lives Prohibited blacks from carrying weapons, serving on juries, testifying against whites, marrying whites, and traveling without permits In some states - forbidden to own land |
| Civil Rights Act 1866 | Gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws - black codes - that severely restricted African lives |
| Hiram Revels | first African American senator of Mississippi |
| sharecropping | landowners divided their land and gave each worker a few acres along with seed and tool. Each worker gave a share of his crop(about half) to the landowners |
| tenant farming | farm workers supply their own tools and rent land for cash from the planter and keep all their harvest |
| Compromise of 1877 | Republican leaders agreed to Southern democrat demands and Hayes was inaugurated. This means the end of Reconstruction in the South |
| Election of 1876 | Rep. Hayes, Dem. Tilden Tilden won popular vote but 20 electorals were disputed. Southern dems were willing to accept Hayes for a price - withdrawal of federal troops from LA and SC |
| Election of 1876 details cont. | federal money to build a railroad from TX to the West coast and to improve rivers, harbors, and bridges - Rep southern to the Cabinet |
| Edwin Stanton | Secretary of War that was fired by Johnson to test the Tenure of Office Act |
| William Seward | Secretary of State who purchased Alaska for 7.2 million from Russia. 2 cents an acre but heavily criticized as worthless |
| Why was Johnson on the 1864 ticket | Johnson was known to have been more sympathetic towards Southerners, and had a lenient view of reintegration that aligned with Lincoln's values of preserving the Union |
| Ex Parte Milligan | Case in 1866 which ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians, even during wartime, in areas where the civil courts were open. reinforced the ideas of the 6th Amendment and habeas corpus |
| Feminists and Reconstruction | women's rights movement that saw Reconstruction as an opportunity to push for gender reforms and equality Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony |
| Exodusters | The people that participated in the large-scale black migration from the South to Kansas. 25k from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi to Kansas |
| Reconstruction | the time period from 1865-1877 which involved rebuilding and reintegrating Southern states into the Union, while also addressing the rights of African Americans. |
Created by:
drewhart