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ntr 222 exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A cup of orange juice has 110 calories and 100 mg of vitamin C. One half cup of chopped red pepper has 25 calories and 95 mg of vitamin C. Which is more nutrient dense for vitamin C? | red pepper |
| The health claims on the front of a label, such as "heart healthy," are: | strictly regulated by the FDA so the food must meet certain standards and use specific wording |
| The food label ingredients list is helpful in determining if a food: | is a whole grain |
| When you see "organic" on a food label, it means that: | at least 95% of the ingredients are organic |
| The RDA's for nutrients such as zinc, iron, and vitamin C are set at the | 98th percentile of the estimated average requirement to make sure that most people's needs are covered |
| The macronutrients distribution range for carbohydrate is: | 45%-65% |
| The RDA's for vitamins and minerals are set: | above the estimated average requirement (EAR) to ensure that the majority of the population's needs are covered. |
| The RDA for vitamin B12 is based on: | age, gender, style of life |
| The new food label will show: | calories in a larger, bolder type |
| 54 calories of fat is equal to ______________ grams of fat | 6 |
| Villi are: | the folds of the small intestine that increase surface area and absorption |
| the food you eat becomes a semi-liquid food mass called _____________ in the _____________ | chyme, stomach |
| what is an example of a refined grain | White rice |
| ___________________ are macronutrients | protiens |
| It is recommended to eat seafood in place of meat or poultry twice a week (T/F) why or why not | true, they are higher in good oils and lower in mercury |
| The U.S. dietary guidelines' target audience is: | policy makers and health/nutrition professionals |
| _________________ is (are) marketed directly to consumers to help them choose a healthy eating plan | MyPlate |
| A ______________ is less likely to reflect recall bias than other forms of dietary assessment | food diary |
| A limitation of the food frequency questionnaire is that it does not give a good indication of: | the number of calories a person is eating |
| A statistically significant finding in a research study means that the differences observed were: | not due to chance but not necessarily large |
| Social bias in a study refers to the phenomenon that in self-reports of eating and other lifestyle habits, people may | tell the researchers what they think they want to hear in order to please them |
| a theory is defined as: | an established principle that explains a natural phenomenon |
| !!!!Participants in a study examining vitamin D supplements and muscle strength are asked about their use of vitamin D supplements. The researchers measure the participants' muscle strength. The researchers then compare people with high intake of vitamin | if taking vitamin D supplements is associated with muscle strength |
| !!!Researchers survey patients in a medical clinic asknig them about their typical intake of sweet tea, soda, and other sugar sweetened beverages. They then measured their waists to see if there was a relationship between the intake of sugar sweetened dri | cross sectional study |
| Researchers survey articles submitted to a prominent medical journal and find that those with positive results are more likely to be accepted than those with negative results. This is an example of: | publication bias |
| The dietary guidelines for Americans recommend taht people limit their added sugars to | 10% of their total calories |
| Examples of sugar alcohols | Sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol |
| A major role of carbs in the body is for: | energy production |
| Starch is a: | complex carbohydrate |
| complex carbohydrates are made up of long chains of | glucose |
| when grains are refined, they: | lose important vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber |
| When food manufacturers refine grains, they remove the ______________, resulting in a __________________ | germ and the bran layer, less nutritious complex carbohydrate |
| glucagon plays a role in the process of breaking down glycogen to glucose so that the body can use it for energy. what is this process called | glycogenolysis |
| After you've eaten a meal that contains carbohydrates, most of the glucose goes to | the muscles for energy use and storage as glycogen |
| What is the glucose concentration range ideal for glucose homeostasis | 70-120 mg/dL |
| When blood sugar decreases, the pancreas secretes | glucagon which stimulates the liver to break down glycogen |
| in both types 1 and 2 diabetes | kidney disease, neuropathy, and blindness are possible outcomes when blood sugar is not well controlled over the long term |
| which glucose test is used to diagnose gestational diabetes | oral glucose tolerance test |
| which measure is a diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes | A1C test of 6.5% or above |
| how many carbs are in one serving | 15 grams |
| most people with pre-diabetes | do not know they have it |
| which foods would have the lowest glycemic index | brown rice |
| which food would not have a glycemic index | chicken |
| the glycemic index ranks | individual food based on how much they raise blood glucose |
| what are the results on an A1C test that would be evidence of diabetes | 6.5% or above |
| what are the results on an A1C test that would be evidence of pre-diabetes | 5.7-6.4% |
| what are the results of a normal A1C test | below 5.7% |
| what are the results on a fasting blood sugar test that would be evidence of diabetes | 126 mg/dL or above |
| what are the results on a fasting blood sugar test that would be evidence of pre-diabetes | 100-125 mg/dL |
| what are the results of a normal fasting blood sugar test | 99 mg/dL or below |
| what are the results on a glucose tolerance test that would be evidence of diabetes | 200 mg/dL or above |
| what are the results on a glucose tolerance test that would be evidence of pre-diabetes | 140-199 mg/dL |
| what are the results of a normal glucose tolerance test | 140 mg/dL or below |
| foods high in ___________ tend to have a lower glycemic index | fiber |
| ______________ increases the chances of developing __________________ diabetes | increasing age; type 2 |
| during diabetes, blood glucose levels can get very high causing the body to get rid of excess glucose as quickly as possible through the urine. this results in frequent urination and increased thirst. what is the term for increased thirst? | polydipsia |
| a risk factor for type 2 diabetes is | weight gain because excess weight seems to be related to insulin insensitivity |
| a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes is: | physical inactivity |
| people with type 2 diabetes: | are usually making insulin but are insulin resistant |
| a patient presents with two consecutive fasting serum glucose readings of 128 mg/dL and 132 mg/dL respectively. The appropriate diagnosis is: | diabetes |
| exercise can help patients with ___________ diabetes avoid using medication to treat their diabetes because it ___________________ | type 2; enables muscle cells to use insulin and glucose more efficiently |
| hemoglobin A1C can help patients with diabetes by | evaluating whether their treatment is working |
| Glycogen is ideal for replenishing low blood sugar and for providing energy during high muscular demand because it is a | branched form of complex carbohydrate so it can be broken down at several points to increase blood sugar quickly |
| the muscles will break down glycogen: | when there is an increase in physical work and blood sugar is low. |
| Glucagon is a(n) | glucoregulatory peptide hormone |
| when blood glucose levels increase after eating carbohydrates, the: | pancreas secretes insulin which promotes the uptake of glucose by the body's cells |
| most dietary fiber ___________ and provides the body __________ | remains undigested; few usable calories because it is not absorbed |
| whole grains may play a role in lowering the risk of: | heart disease |
| fruit juice is not as good for you as whole fruit because it is lower in: | fiber |
| insoluble fiber can help treat _____________ | constipation; |
| the American Heart Association recommends that women limit their added sugar consumption to: | 25 grams per day |
| sucrose is a: | disaccharide and is commonly known as table sugar |
| a lactose _____________ often causes gas and bloating after drinking milk because ______________ | intolerance; the sugar in the milk cannot be fully digested |
| maltose is: | a disaccharide produced mainly from carbohydrate digestion |
| symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, that occur from drinking milk are often caused by | the body's inability to break the bond between glucose and galactose |
| which of these sweeteners are considered a natural sweetener splenda stevia aspartame | stevia |
| a statistically significant finding in a research study means that the differences observed were: | not due to chance but not necessarily large |
| the American Heart Association recommends that Americans reduce ____________ in the diet, which means we need to limit foods like _____________ in the diet | added sugar; regular sodas |
| researchers surveyed a group and asked them how much coffee they drink, then gave them an IQ test. They found that those who drank coffee scored higher than those who drank no coffee. The most accurate conclusion we can make from this finding is that: | drinking coffee was related to higher IQ scores but not that it caused the higher scores |
| "relative risk" is often the statistic reported on TV, in newspapers and magazines, and on the internet. This type of risk reporting: | does not tell the reader what the original risk was and tends to make the results look greater than what they really are |
| gastric juice is: | acidic in pH |
| participants in a study all have an equal chance of getting assigned to the exercise group where they are to increase their activity level, or to the control group where they don't change their activity level.At The end, any differences can be reported as | cause and effect |
| If a person's intake of a vitamin or mineral is only half of the RDA over a long period of time, he or she: | may or may not develop a deficiency of that vitamin or mineral |
| what is the name of the first part of our small intestine | duodenum |
| the Adequate Daily Intake for a nutrient is: | an alternative to an RDA and is set when there is not enough data to set a definitive recommendation |
| the RDAs for nutrients such as zinc, iron, and vitamin C are set at the | 98th percentile of the estimated average requirement to make sure that most people's needs are covered |
| the food label ingredients list is helpful in determining if a food: | contains an ingredient that someone may be allergic to |
| the US dietary guidelines recommend that people should eat: | at least half of their grains as whole grains |
| ________ is an example of a macronutrient | fat |
| the US dietary guidelines target audience is: | policy makers and health/nutrition professionals |
| which of the following nutrients do not provide the body with energy? | water, vitamins, and minerals |
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