Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Lecture 2
SOCI 206
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the different types of criminology Explain each | Penology and corrections Criminal statistics Socio-legal studies ( Law and society) Crime theory construction |
| Penology and corrections | Criminal justice approach (effectiveness of punishment; prison management; treatment of offenders) |
| Criminal statistics | Official crime data, measuring patterns and trends |
| Socio-legal studies (Law and Society) | Origins of law; how law is experienced in practice |
| Crime theory construction | Predicting and explaining individual behaviour (the overall cause) *criminal behaviour systems *victimology |
| What are different paradigms (how we see the world) | Consensus view Conflict view Social construction or interpretative view Feminist view Postmodern/discourse/etc |
| What is ontology | Our beliefs regarding reality |
| What is objectivism | Social phenomena have an objective reality that is fixed (not negotiable), independent of our perceptions |
| What is constructionism | No ‘facts’ only interpretations Social reality cash be negotiated- meaning is constructed in and thru social interactions |
| What was the media case about from 2014 | Trudeau and Stephan harper |
| Systemic issues ‘vs’ individual causation | Edwin Sutherland and Donald cressey |
| What is criminology the scientific approach to | Knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes within its scope the processes of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of laws |
| What is the objective of cimrinolgoy | The development of a body of general and verified principles and of other types of knowledge regarding this process of law, crime, and treatment |
| How might understanding the systemic issues of crime prove valuable in the policy of crime | answer |
| Why might the homicide rate in Chicago be so much higher than Toronto | answer |
| How do you calculate the crime rate | Crimes/population x 100,000 = crime rate Chicago homicide rate; 522/2,500,000 x 100,000=20.88 per 100,000 Toronto: 56/2,500,00x100,000=2.24 per 100,000 |
| what are the problems with calculating crime | making comparisons over time -increased reporting -styles of policy -legislation changes |
| What is the difference between unfounded crimes vs founded crimes | Uniform; crimes that cone to the attention of the police (and founded) Not a count of all crimes in Canada |
| what is the crime funnel | Actually occurs Detected / reported Recorded |
| Self - report surveys | Data closer to thr lvl of ‘actual crime’ ‘Dark figure of crime’ Falls into actually occurs category |
| Victimization surveys | data closer to the lvl of ‘detected crime’ ‘Dark figure of vicitimization’ Falls into detected/reported category |
| individual vs systemic problems | reporting and responding |
| What is qualitiative criminology research | qual; social relations not easily reduced to numbers Concerned w groups, places, institutions as complex wholes -goal: understanding social life as lived, experience by individuals |
| what are the benefits of qualitative research | Social context Social meaning Organizational scripts Crime prevention strategies Criminal population |
| What is criminology | The scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behaviour |
| What is interdisciplinary mean | Involving two or more academic fields |
| What does utilitarianism mean | Punishment should increase the total amount of happiness in the world Beccaria believed the purpose of punishment was not to seek revenge but rather better society |
| What is classical criminology | 1) ppl have free will to choose criminal or conventional behaviour 2) ppl choose 2 commit crime reasons of greed or personal need 3) crime can B controlled only by fear of crim sanctions |
| Who is Auguste Comte | Founder of sociology and the doctrine of positivism |
| What is positivism | Uses scientific method of natural sciences and suggest human behaviour is product of social, biological, psychological, or economic forces Agree intelligence exists bc measured by IQ test; would challenge concept ‘soul’ bc cannot b verified by science |
| Who is Cesare Lombroso | Studied how expected criminals differed from non-criminals ‘Father of criminology ” |
| What is the bio social theory | Focuses on interaction between biological and social factors as they relate to crime |
| What is sociological criminology | Based on work of Durkheim that focuses on relationship between social factors and crime |
| What is anomie | Lack of norm or clear social standards bc of rapidly shifting moral values, individual has few guides to what is socially acceptable “Might the dawning of ‘internet age’ create anomie in our own culture’ |
| What is the Chicago school | Group of urban sociologists who studied relationship between environmental conditions and crime |
| What is socialization | Process of human development and enculturation. Socialization is influenced by key social processes and institutions |
| What is the conflict theory | View that human behaviour is shaped by interpersonal conflict and that those who maintain social power will use it to further their own ends |
| Describe rational choice theory | View that crime is a function of a decision making process in which the potential offender weighs potential costs and benefits of an illegal act |
| What is social structure theory | View that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary cause of crime |
| What is white-collar crime | Illegal acts that capitalize on a persons status in the marketplace Crimes may include theft, fraud, price-fixing, false advertising |
| What is penology | Sub area of criminology that focuses on the correction and control of criminal offenders |
| What is rehabilitation | Treatment of criminals offenders aimed at preventing future criminal behaviour |
| Explain capital punishment | The execution of criminal offenders; the death penalty |
| Mandatory sentences | A statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be carried out in all cases if conviction for a specified offence |
| Victimology | Study of the victims role in criminal events |
| Deviance | Behaviour that departs from the social norm but is not necessarily criminal |
| Crime | An act, deemed socially harmful or dangerous, that is specifically defined, prohibited, and punished under criminal law |
| Consensus view | Belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common values and agree on what behaviours should be defined as criminal |
| What is the criminal law | The written code that defines crimes and their punishments |
| What is the conflict view | The belief that criminal behaviour is defined by those in a position of power to protect and advance their own self-interest |
| What is an interactionist view | Belief that hose w social power are able to impose their values on society as a whole, and these values define criminal behaviour |
| What is the code of Hammurabi | First written legal code developed in Babylonia abt 1780 B.C |
| Mosaic code | The laws of the ancient Israelites, found in the old testement of the Judeo Christian bible |
| What does precedent mean | A rule derived from previous judicial decisions and applied to future cases; the basis of common law |
| What is the common law | Early English law, developed by judges, that became the standardized law of land in England and eventually formed the basis of criminal law in Canada |
| Statutory crimes | Crimes defined by legislative bodies in response to changing social conditions, public opinion, and custum |
| Summary conviction offence | A serious offence punishable w maximum prison terms ranging from two years to life |
| Hybrid offence | Offence where the crown attorney decides whether to try the vase as a more minor summary conviction offence, or a more serious indictable offence |
| Actus-reus | An illegal or guilty act. May be an affirmative act such as killing, or failure to act when legally required to do so Action |
| Mens rea | A “guilty mind”; the intent to commit a criminal act Decision |
| What are absolute liability crimes | Illegal acts in which guilt does mo depend on intent, or mens rea. They are usually acts that endanger the public welfare such as violations of health’s Dan safety regulations |
| Excuse defence | Criminal defence based on a lack of criminal intent (mens rea). Excuse defences include mental disorder, automatism, intoxication, and ignorance |
| What is justification defence | Criminal defence that claims an illegal action is justified by circumstances and therefor not criminal. justification defences include necessity, distress, self-defence, and entrapment |
Created by:
Mackenziee.Carroll