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Psychology
8/23/23-9/20/23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the three types of learning styles? | Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic |
| How do Visual learners learn? | Through their eyes |
| How do Auditory learners learn? | Through their ears |
| How do kinesthetic learners learn? | Through their hands |
| (about) How old is Psychology? | 140 years |
| What sciences influenced Psychology? | Physiology Biology, Philosophy |
| Psychology started in what year? | 1879 |
| What two individuals were Philosophers? | Saint Agustine & Rene Descartes |
| What 3 ideas did Saint Augustine focus on ? | Introspection, Behavior of infants, Behavior of crowds. |
| What is introspection? | Exam your own mental state. |
| Around what year did Rene Descartes come around? | early 1600s |
| What saying is Rene Descartes known for? | "I think therefore I am" |
| Why was Rene Descartes significant? | He was one of the first to believe that the mind and the body are separate. |
| What is Wihelm Wundt? | The father of modern Psychology |
| What did Wihelm Wundt do in 1879 to start Psychology as a science? | In 1879 he started the first Psychology lab at the university of Leipzig in Germany. |
| Who are 3 students of Wihlem Wundt that study under him? | E.B Titchener, G Stanley Hall, J. Mckeen Cattell. |
| What did E.B Titchener use along with Wihelm Wundt? | Introspection |
| What did E.B Titchener do? | He name introspection structuralism |
| What did Wundt's approach become known as? (E.B Titchener gave the name to it) | Structuralism |
| What is structuralism? | Focuses on the structure of the mind. (Introspection) |
| What happened in 1883? that G. Stanley Hall did? | He established the first Psychology lab in the U.S |
| in 1892 What did G. Stanley Hall do? | He founded the APA |
| APA stands for what? | American Psychological Association |
| What was J. Mckeen Cattell given? | The 1st person to be titled the Professor of Psychology in the U.S at the university of Pennsylvania |
| What did T.B Titchener, G. Stanley hall, & J. Mckeen Cattell all go on to do? | They went on to train other important Psychologist. |
| Where did E.B Titchener go? | Cornell University in New York |
| Who all are structuralist? | Wihelm Wundt, E.B Titchener, G. Stanley Hall, & J. Mckeen Cattell |
| What 2nd leading approach did William James start? | Functionalism. |
| What is Functionalism? | How the environment impacts you. |
| Who was the 1st head of the psychology department in Harvard? | William James |
| In what year did William James publish his book? | 1890 |
| What was William James book called? | the Principles Of Psychology |
| What Experience did William James document and call it? | The tip of the tongue experience or phenomenon |
| Who are the 3 Female pioneers? | Mark Calkins, Margaret Washburn, Leta Hollingworth |
| What did Mary Calkins do in 1905? | She became the first female president of the APA. |
| Where did Mary Calkins want to go? | Harvard University |
| What year did Margaret Washburn become the 1st female to get her PHD in Psychology? | 1984 |
| In 1921 what did Margaret Washburn do? | She became the 2nd female president in the APA |
| Who did Margaret Washburn train under? | E.B Titchener |
| What school did Calkins and Washburn end up teaching at? | Calkins= Wellesley Washburn=Vassar |
| What did Leta Hollingworth start? | The Psychology of Women |
| What is Leta Hollingworth known for disproving? | She proved that Gender has nothing to do with Intelligence. And that we don't get dumber during our period. |
| There are 7 different approaches to Psychology, what are they? | Psychodynamic Theory, Behavioral Approach, Cognitive Approach, Biopsychology approach, Evolutionary Psychology Approach, Sociocultural Approach and Humanistic Approach. |
| Who was the Psychodynamic Theory developed/started by? | Sigmund Freud |
| What was the key to the Psychodynamic theory? | Unconscious is what makes a person tick. |
| The Unconscious is what? | It is the part of the mind that is hidden. |
| What is the Behavioral approach? | What they can watch you do. They won't ask you how something makes you feel. |
| Who are the 3 main Behavioralist? | Watson, Pavlov, Skinner |
| What is the Cognitive Approach? | Mental Functions |
| What are mental Functions? | Language, memory, intelligence, develops |
| Who are the main players in the Cognitive approach? | Piaget and Vygotsky |
| What is the Biopsychological approach? | Connection between behavior and Biology |
| What 3 areas the biology focuses on are? | Heredity, Hormones, Neurotransmitters (<Chemicals in the brain) |
| What is the Evolutionary Psychology Approach Focus? (Early writings of Charles Darwin) | Adaptation and reproduction and Natural Selection. How people best suited. |
| What is Sociocultural Approach focus? | Cultural impacts (ethnicity) Social impacts and location |
| Who are the main two for Sociocultural Approach? | Bandura and Mischel |
| What is the Humanistic approach? (its a positive approach) | People have free will and in charge of our own destiny |
| Who are the main people for the Humanistic Approach? | Maslow and Rogers |
| What's the first definition of Psychology? | The study of mental activity |
| What Happened in the 1930s? | Psychology took more of a behavioral approach rather than introspection. |
| In the 1930s-1970s what definition did Psychology develop to? | The study of behavior |
| The current definition of psychology is? | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| What is the difference between Psychologist and Psychiatrist? | Psychiatrist is a medical doctor= M.D or D.O (they can prescribe meds) Psychologist they go to graduate school and they have two degrees = Psy.D or Ph.D. |
| What is a Psy.D? | Doctor of Psychology |
| What is a Ph.D? | Doctor of philosophy (you specialize in psychology) |
| What 5 states have passed the law where you can be a prescribing psychologist? | Idaho, Iowa, New Mexico, Louisianna, Illinois |
| What is the Placebo Effect? | When people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in given situations |
| What is the Experimental Group? | Where the participants get the experimental manipulation- the treatment or variable being tested |
| What is the Controlled Group? | Where the participants do not receive the experimental manipulation |
| What is A Single-Blind Study? | Where the participants are unaware as to which group, they are in. (experimental or Control group) Only the researcher knows what group the participants are in. |
| What is the Double-Blind Study? | Where the participants and the researchers are unware/blind to the group assignment |
| What is the scientific method? | How are you going to do your study? |
| What are the 3 different methods of research? | Descriptive, Correlation, Experimental Research. |
| What is the purpose of the Descriptive method? | Observe and record behavior of your subjects. |
| Observation can be done in one of two ways, what are they? | Labotory (plain/controlled) or Naturalistic (usually with animals in an environment) |
| What is the purpose of Correlation (relationship) research? | If there is a link o relationship |
| What's the experimental method? | Cause and effect (why something is happening) |
| Placebo is what? | Has no impact on your study. |
| Human vs Animal study | Human = Informed consent from Animal = similarity to human |
| For human study what age does only the person have to sign the consent from? | 18+ |
| In human study what age does the parents and the child have to sign? | 8-17 |
| Human study, what age does only the parent/guardian have to sign? | 7 or under |
| 90% of animal research is done with what? | Mice and Rats |
| What animal's heart is most similar to men? | Pigs |
| Who is the originator of classical conditioning? | Ivan Pavlove |
| Classical conditioning is what? | Learning to associate |
| Unconditioned means ? | Unlearned or naturally occurred |
| unconditioned response is? | unlearned reaction |
| condition is what? | taught or learned |
| conditioned response? | learned reaction |
| John Watson and Ivan Palove were? | Behavioralist |
| What did John Watson believe? | That humans could be classically conditioned instead of animals |
| What was Watsons experience? | The little Albert Experiment |
| Who was John Watsons collogue for The little albert experience? | Rosalie Rayner |
| What is generalization? | When something spreads |
| Fears and Phobias are what? | Conditioned / Learned Behaviors |
| What is Albert Banduras theory? | Children learn through observation and imitation. |
| Who is Mary cover Jones Subject? | Peter, He was 3 and his fears weren't intentionally given |
| What is counterconditioning? | Where you can't experience two opposite emotions at the same time. |
| What did Edward Thorndike believe? | That learning occurs by trial and error Learning is controlled by consequences |
| What did Edward Thorndike call his theory? | The law of effect |
| B.F skinners theory is? | Operant (instrumental) Conditioning |
| Operant/instrumental conditioning is what? | The consequences of behavior can change the likely hood of behavior occuring again |
| Shaping involves? | Using some type of reward to guide your subject towards a desired behavior. |
| Reinforcement involves? | Strengthening/increase a behavior |
| Positive reinforcement ? | strengthening a behavior by followings it with some type of reward |
| Negative reinforcement ? | By removing something unpleasant |
| Punishments involves? | Trying to get a behavior to decrease. |
| What countries are the top for spanking? | Canada, U.S, Mexico |
| What country was the first to ban spanking ? | Sweden. (Germany, Croatia) |
Created by:
hw0993422