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Biomechanics Exam 1

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QuestionAnswer
Biomechanics Applied physics as it relates to living organisms
Vectors A measurement with magnitude and direction
Newtons First Law An object in motion stays in motion. An object at rest stays at rest.
Newtons second law F=ma
Newtons 3rd Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Kinetics The study of forces
Sress/Pressure F/A. Force over a given area.
External Force Force created outside a body of interest
Internal Force Force created inside body of interest
Weight (Gravity) Force due to gravity. F=ma
Mass amount of gravity present
Friction resistance to two surfaces sliding across each other
Static friction not moving/not acceleratin
Dynamic Friction moving/accelerating
Kinematics The study of movement
Scalar magnitude, distance, speed
Vector magnitude, direction, displacement, velocity, acceleration.
Does speed = velocity? No
Does displacement = distance? No
What is acceleration change in velocity over a given time
Do ligaments or tendons have more elastin? Ligaments
How do you maintain bone density? Compressive loading
Bones are weakest in what type of stress? Sheer
What fiber arrangement of muscles produce better ROM? Parallel
What arrangement of fiber produces more force? Pennate
What says that tissue will adapt to the level of stress placed on it? Wolfe's law
Diameter of elderly vs young bones? Elderly has wider bones.
What are the 3 principle stresses (bone) Sheer, compression, and tension
Besides mineral matrix, what is the primary constituent of bones? Collagen
What is a sprain Damage to a ligament
Tendons are strongest in what type of stress? Tension
Tendons connect? Bone to bone
Ligaments connect? muscle to bone
What are the two types of muscle fiber arrangement? Pennate and parallel/longitudinal
What is a strain? Damage to a tendon/change in length
To fully define a vector quantity, you must specify direction and magnitude
Which objective is always desirable in human movement? The amount of friction desired varies with the particular situation within a given activity.
The unit for force in the English system is the pound
How does mass differ from weight? Weight is a force and mass is the quantity of matter in a body.
When a sprinter uses starting blocks to enhance running performance, which of Newton's laws is best represented by the interaction of the sprinter and the blocks? action-reaction
If a net horizontal force is applied to a body that is at rest, the body will accelerate
Which force exerts a squeezing effect on the body acted upon? Compression
In general, longitudinal muscles are able to change their length by a greater percentage than pennate muscles. True
Bone is strongest in resisting Compressive stress
The force applied by muscle is A pull
Articular cartilage covers All bone surfaces at articulations
The tension-generating capability of a muscle is affected by The cross section area of the muscle and the arrangement of muscle around a joint
Ligaments are less stiff and slightly weaker than tendons because ligaments have more elastin and less-aligned collagen fibers
Which component of bone is primarily responsible for its tensile strength? Collagen
In general, longitudinal muscles are able to produce greater tension than similarly sized pennate muscles. False
Muscles are able to produce larger forces during concentric contractions than during isometric contractions. False
Which force exerts a pull on the body acted upon? Tension
When a runner has completed one full lap around a 400 m track, what is the runner's displacement with respect to the starting position? Zero
In mechanics, acceleration may be used to describe a change in motion of a body at rest or in motion, an increase in speed of a body at rest, a change in direction of a moving body
What factor differentiates scalar quantities from vector quantities? Direction
Created by: ashlynelisef
 

 



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