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Chp 5 definitions

Chemistry Leaving cert Chapter 5 definitions only

QuestionAnswer
Compound A substance that is made up of two or more elements that have been combined chemically.
Octet Rule When bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
Ion Charged atom or group of atoms.
Ionic bond Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound. Ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Transition metals A metal forms at least one ion with a partially filled D sublevel
Molecule A group of atoms joined together . It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently.
Valency Number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines.
Sigma bonds Formed by the head on overlap of two orbitals
Pi bonds Formed by the sideways overlap of p orbital bonds
Electronegativity Is the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for a pair of shared electrons in a covalent bond.
Polar covalent bond A bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair/s of electrons. This causes one end of the bond to be slightly positive and the other end slightly negative.
Ionic Bonding The electronegativity difference is greater than 1.7
Covalent bonding The electronegativity difference is greater than or equal to 1.7
Polar Covalent Bonding The electronegativity is greater than 0.4 and less than 1.7
Non Polar Bonding The electronegativity is less than or greater than 0.4.
Intramolecular Bonding Is the binding that takes place within a molecule. Covalent bonding an polar covalent bonding are examples of this.
Intermolecular Bonding Are the forces of attraction that exist between molecules. Wan de Waals forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding are examples of intermolecular forces.
Van der Waals Forces Are weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles. They are the only forces of attraction between non-polar molecules.
Dipole-dipole Forces Forces of attraction between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another polar molecule.
Hydrogen Bonds Bonds between Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen or Fluorine
Created by: AW117
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