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Psych research ch 12
Question | Answer |
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Correlation | It does not imply causation. It tells us nothing about cause and effect. |
Correlational research | Intended to demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables but it does not determine cause-and-effect relationship. |
Experimental research | Demonstrates a cause and effect relationship between two variables. |
Differential research | Involves two groups of scores and focuses on the difference between groups but it does not determine cause-and-effect relationship |
Positive relationship | Two variables change in the same direction |
Negative relationship | Two variables change in opposite directions. |
Linear relationship | The data points in the scatter plot tend to cluster around a straight line. |
Correlation (correlation coefficient) | Measures and describes the relationship between two variables. |
Coefficient of determination | the squared value of a correlation |
Statistical significance of a correlation | The correlation is unlikely to have been produced by random variation. |
Prediction | A correlational study demonstrating a relationship between two variables |
Regression | The statistical process for using one variable to predict the other |
The third variable problem | Because two variables are related, does not mean that there must be a direct relationship between the two variables. |
The directionality problem | A correlational study does not establish a relationship of cause-and-effect. |
Multiple regression | a statistical procedure for studying multivariate relationships. Relationships can be described but not explained. |