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Reptiles
VT141 Veterinary Technology Specialties
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of reptiles and amphibians collectively is called: | herpetology |
| Define herpet- : | Reptile |
| Define ranid- : | Amphibian |
| What are the 4 orders of reptiles? | Squamata, crocodilia, testudines, and rhynchocephalia |
| What animals are included in the order squamata: | Snakes and lizards |
| What animals are included in the order crocodilia: | Crocs, alligators and caimans |
| What animals are included in the order testudines: | Turtles and tortoises |
| What animals are included in the order rhynchocephalia: | Tuataras |
| What animals are amphibians? | Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders, and caecilians |
| Define behavioral thermoregulation: | an animal that obtains its body heat from its environment (dependent on whether animal has eaten or not) |
| When reptiles have just eaten, they need to be ______, to ______ their metabolic rate, so that food digests _______. | warmer; increase; faster |
| When reptiles do not eat for some time, they need to be _______, to _______ their metabolic rate | cooler; slow down |
| POTZ stands for? What does this mean? | Preferred optimal temperature zone; the ideal temp for animals metabolic function |
| Outside of POTZ can lead to: | Immune and digestive system disorders |
| Define brumation: | similar to hibernation but for cold blooded animals |
| Define estivation: | similar process to brumation but occurs in hot temps |
| Reptiles have __ layers of skin. The _______ layers contain the scales. | 3; epidermis |
| Amphibians have permeable skin, which means: | can absorb things |
| Define ecdysis: | Skin shedding triggered by thyroid gland |
| Amphibians and lizards shed in _____ while snakes shed in _______. Which one eats their shed? | sections; one large piece. Amphibians and lizards. |
| Clear fused scale that covers the eye: | spectacles |
| The iris is under smooth or skeletal muscle control? | skeletal |
| The combines thoracic and abdominal cavity is called: | coelom |
| All blood from the _______ half of the body goes directly to the _______ before going anywhere else in the body. | caudal; kidneys |
| Injections should be administered in the: | cranial 1/3 of the body |
| Define oviparous | meaning they lay eggs |
| Others are viviparous | meaning they give birth to live young. |
| Define ovoviviparous | develop eggs with shells in their uteri and birthed live |
| What are the 3 divisions of nervous system? | Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain |
| Define lissencephalic | smooth brain |
| Oxalate containing plants can cause: | renal crystals and gout |
| Reptiles and amphibians have a renal portal system, so, it is important to only give injections | in the cranial half of the body. |
| In what species would you expect to find a hemipenis? | Lizard |
| The reptilian brain is lissencephalic and therefore does not have these. | gyri or sulci on the surface |
| What vegetables should be fed in limited amounts to iguanas? | Broccoli |
| What is the reptile/amphibian equivalent of the mammal’s malleus, incus and stapes? | columella |
| What part of the cloaca often contains glandular tissue? a) coprodeum b) urodeum c) proctodeum d) genitodeum | c) proctodeum |
| The upper shell of the turtle is called the ________. a) Carapace b) Carastron c) Osteoplast d) Plastron | a) Carapace |
| List the 3 compartments of the cloaca in the reptile. | proctodeum, urodeum, coprodeum |
| All reptiles are missing what organ? | diaphragm |
| The phallus is the reproductive organ of which species? | crocodile |
| Which reptile food is most nutritionally complete? | mice |
| What is unique about most reptilian hearts? a) they pump blood backwards b) they have 2 chambers c) they have 3 chambers | c) they have 3 chambers |
| An animal that absorbs heat from it's environment is called an _________________. | Ectotherm |
| Explain the way in which oxygenated and deoxygenate blood are prevented from mixing in the reptilian ventricle. | Muscular ridge and pressure differences prevent the blood from mixing |
| Obstructive dystocia may result from: | Malposition of an egg |
| Firm, white swellings around the joints and in the soft tissues of reptiles may be a collection of: | Urates |
| Cardiocentesis would mostly likely be used for blood collection in which animal? a) spur thigh tortoise b) American crocodile c) monitor lizard d) corn snake | d) corn snake |
| Reptiles with metabolic bone disease may present with: a) All of these are correct b) Multiple limb fractures c) “Popeye-shaped” limbs d) Inability to eat | a) All of these are correct |
| What is the best site for an IM injection in a tortoise? | shoulder muscles |
| What factor drives respiration in reptiles? | oxygen levels in the blood |
| In which species would one be most likely to see an aural abscess? | box turtle |
| Which animal does not have a nasolacrimal duct? a) green iguana b) bearded dragon c) alligator d) box turtle | d) box turtle |
| Which is the most common site used for IM injections in snakes? | Cranial epaxial muscles |
| What total percentage of blood volume is safe to take for diagnostic sampling from a healthy amphibian patient? | 1% |
| Which of the following would be the most clinically significant piece of information gained form the physical examination of a reptile? | body weight |
| Reptile red blood cells are ______ and ______. | oval; nucleated |
| T/F Snakes can NEVER be intubated without first inducing anesthesia with some kind of injectable anesthetic cocktail. | False |
| snakes and some lizards do not have _______, instead they have _________. | eyelids; spectacles |
| List the 3 different types of reptile dentition: | Thecodont, Acrodont and Pleurodont |
| Define thecodont. Which animal has these? | teeth arise from sockets in the skull bones; crocodilians |
| Define acrodont. Which animal has these? | teeth are fused to the biting edges of the mandible and maxilla; some lizards |
| Define pleurodont. Which animal has these? | teeth are attached on the medial aspect of the periosteum of the mandible and maxilla; snakes and iguana type lizards |
| There is no separation of the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The combined cavity is known as a: | coelom |
| crocodilians, snakes, and some lizards do not have a: | urinary bladder |
| Repro: Male reptiles either have a ________ or ________. Turtles, tortoises, and crocodilians have a _________. | phallus; hemipenes; phallus |
| The _______ is the dorsal section of the shell. The ________ is the ventral section. | carapace; plastron |
| Which animal can you apply gentle pressure on the eyes can stimulate a vagal response that lowers the heart rate and puts an animal into a stupor. | iguanas |
| Treatment for mites: | topical pyrethroid sprays or topical applications of ivermectin |
| calcium to phosphorus ratio should be: | 2:1 |
Created by:
dochoa21