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Psyc test oq CH 3
09-19-23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that can harm the development of a fetus? | radiation |
| When touched on the palm by a finger, an infant tightly closes her fingers. What reflex is the infant exhibiting? | grasping reflex |
| Why do developmental psychologists study the issue of nature versus nurture? | to see how much of development is the result of heredity and how much is learned |
| When shown images that include text, patterns, bright colors, and human faces, what do infants prefer to look at? | human faces |
| At what age would you expect a baby to begin lifting her head? | about 2 months |
| How might you best define maturational readiness? | being capable of mastering a specific new skill |
| How is a young child's telegraphic speech different from the typical speech of adults? | Mistakes, such as using wrong verb tenses, are made. |
| Why did experimenters develop the visual cliff? | to test infants' depth perception |
| Which aspect of human language can chimps use? | They can use words as symbols. |
| Why is a three-month-old baby unable to walk? | She lacks the physical control that walking requires. |
| How did Piaget think you could tell if a child had achieved representational thought? | when the child understood the concept of object permanence |
| What is a characteristic of the sensorimotor stage? | Child uses schemas to understand the world. |
| What did Piaget say about his stages of cognitive development? | Everyone must go through all the stages in the same order, but not necessarily at the same age. |
| A young person realizes that the angles of an equilateral triangle will always be 60 degrees, regardless of the triangle's size. Which of Piaget's stages is this person in? | formal operations stage |
| What cognitive ability do young people gain in Piaget's concrete operations stage? | They begin to understand conservation. |
| According to Vygotsky, what is the purpose of "scaffolding"? | to provide the support of an older person, such as a parent, while a child learns a new task |
| Who placed the greatest emphasis on the importance of a child's social environment in the development process? | Lev Vygotsky |
| Which psychologist's experiments, if generalized to humans, could explain the importance of contact comfort to babies? | Harry Harlow |
| In what type of attachment do children balance their need to explore with the need to be near their caregivers? | secure attachment |
| What is the main characteristic of the initial attachment stage of newborns? | They attach themselves indiscriminately to any caregiver. |
| In Sally's family, her parents decide what they will do for entertainment without taking into account the children's likes and dislikes. What kind of parenting style is this? | authoritarian |
| In what kind of families do children participate in decisions affecting their lives? | democratic |
| Which of the following is most likely to happen in families where a child has a developmental challenge such as ADHD? | The parents may be less democratic because they think the child needs more direction. |
| How could the term socialization be defined? | learning the rules of behavior in your culture |
| According to Freud, at what stage of psychosexual development is a mature adult? | genital stage |
| In which psychosexual stage does Freud say that the child begins to take on the values and morals of the parent of the same sex? | phallic stage |
| How do cognitive-development theorists think children become socialized? | by copying older children and adults |
| How does role taking help a child mature? | It allows the child to see situations from different points of view. |
| According to Erik Erikson, what question do individuals in their early teens ask themselves? | Who am I? |
| In which stage of Kohlberg's moral development would an individual be likely to say that students should not cheat on tests because parents and teachers will think he is bad? | Stage 3 |
Created by:
rubysallee
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