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Psyc test oq CH 3

09-19-23

QuestionAnswer
Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that can harm the development of a fetus? radiation
When touched on the palm by a finger, an infant tightly closes her fingers. What reflex is the infant exhibiting? grasping reflex
Why do developmental psychologists study the issue of nature versus nurture? to see how much of development is the result of heredity and how much is learned
When shown images that include text, patterns, bright colors, and human faces, what do infants prefer to look at? human faces
At what age would you expect a baby to begin lifting her head? about 2 months
How might you best define maturational readiness? being capable of mastering a specific new skill
How is a young child's telegraphic speech different from the typical speech of adults? Mistakes, such as using wrong verb tenses, are made.
Why did experimenters develop the visual cliff? to test infants' depth perception
Which aspect of human language can chimps use? They can use words as symbols.
Why is a three-month-old baby unable to walk? She lacks the physical control that walking requires.
How did Piaget think you could tell if a child had achieved representational thought? when the child understood the concept of object permanence
What is a characteristic of the sensorimotor stage? Child uses schemas to understand the world.
What did Piaget say about his stages of cognitive development? Everyone must go through all the stages in the same order, but not necessarily at the same age.
A young person realizes that the angles of an equilateral triangle will always be 60 degrees, regardless of the triangle's size. Which of Piaget's stages is this person in? formal operations stage
What cognitive ability do young people gain in Piaget's concrete operations stage? They begin to understand conservation.
According to Vygotsky, what is the purpose of "scaffolding"? to provide the support of an older person, such as a parent, while a child learns a new task
Who placed the greatest emphasis on the importance of a child's social environment in the development process? Lev Vygotsky
Which psychologist's experiments, if generalized to humans, could explain the importance of contact comfort to babies? Harry Harlow
In what type of attachment do children balance their need to explore with the need to be near their caregivers? secure attachment
What is the main characteristic of the initial attachment stage of newborns? They attach themselves indiscriminately to any caregiver.
In Sally's family, her parents decide what they will do for entertainment without taking into account the children's likes and dislikes. What kind of parenting style is this? authoritarian
In what kind of families do children participate in decisions affecting their lives? democratic
Which of the following is most likely to happen in families where a child has a developmental challenge such as ADHD? The parents may be less democratic because they think the child needs more direction.
How could the term socialization be defined? learning the rules of behavior in your culture
According to Freud, at what stage of psychosexual development is a mature adult? genital stage
In which psychosexual stage does Freud say that the child begins to take on the values and morals of the parent of the same sex? phallic stage
How do cognitive-development theorists think children become socialized? by copying older children and adults
How does role taking help a child mature? It allows the child to see situations from different points of view.
According to Erik Erikson, what question do individuals in their early teens ask themselves? Who am I?
In which stage of Kohlberg's moral development would an individual be likely to say that students should not cheat on tests because parents and teachers will think he is bad? Stage 3
Created by: rubysallee
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