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Topic 1&2 terms
All the terms to practice
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element that still has properties of that element, has a neutral / no charge |
| element | An element is made up of one type of atom |
| diatomic element | 7 elements that are never found alone because of stability reasons. They can be found in pairs or bonded with other elements. The 7 elements include nitrogen, hydrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine |
| mixture | a group of substances that aren't chemically bonded together |
| pure substance | Type of matter that is only made up of only one type of particle |
| particle | object that has physical or chemical properties |
| compound | 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded together, made up of many identical molecules |
| ion | Ions are atoms with a charge, that could be positive (cations) and negative (anions) |
| metal | a substance that generally has high malleability, high electrical and thermal conductivity and turns into a cation when it becames an ion |
| non-metal | a substance that is generally brittle, lack malleability, ductility, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity |
| proton | Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of all atoms and ions |
| neutron | particles with no charge that are found in the neucleus of almost all atoms and ions besides hydrogen |
| neucleus | The center of an atom where the majority of the mass of an atom is, it consists of protons and neutrons and its charge is what attracts electrons. |
| electron | Subatomic particles with a negative charge that circle around the nucleus of an atom. They weigh almost nothing and are essential in how atoms interact with other atoms. |
| atomic mass | Found at the bottom of a chemical symbol on the periodic table, it is the AVERAGE mass of the isotopes of an element |
| atomic number | the number of protons in a neucleus, # of protons and in atoms the # of electrons could also be used |
| mass number | The ACTUAL mass of 1 atom, can be found with # of protons + # of neutrons |
| isotope | Same element (same number of protons and electrons) but different number of neutrons |
| multivalent | Metals that can have more than one charge (Fe2+ or Fe3+) |
| Family | The vertical rows / columns that go straight up and down. All elements in a family have similar properties, bond with other elements in similar ways and have the same number of valence electrons |
| Periods | the horizonal rows on the periodic table that go left to right. Elements in the same period have the same number of shells |
| Bohr diagram | All shells of an element have to be drawn and they all have to be populated with dots to represent the electrons |
| Lewis diagram | Only the valence elctrons in the valence shell of an element have to be drawn, and they are surronding the elments chemical symbol |
| ionic bond | A bond that is formed between a metal and non-metal. The metal loses an electron and transfer it to the non-metal. the resulting cation and anion are then attracted to eachother and bond together |
| covalent bond | a bond that is formed between two or more non-metals sharing electrons. They share electrons because they all want to gain electrons and fill up their shell, so if they share electrons, they all get full valence shells. |
| Ionic compound | A compound that is formed by an ionic bond. The overall charge of the ionic compound is zero because the cation and anion balance eachother out. |
| Covalent compound | A compound that is formed by a covalent compound. |
Created by:
marvoulous
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