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HOA 2 PRELIMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| architectural character of romanesque | sober and dignified |
| characteristic features of romanesque | Use of Ribs and Panel vaultings Use of Massive , Architectured wall structures Round Arches & Powerful Vaults. Use of Latin Cross Plan Use of Corbelled Arches found underneath the eaves of a church. Use of Rose window or Wheel window. |
| two types of vaulting | quadripartite sexpartite |
| four-part vaulting | quadripartite |
| six part vaulting supported by tiers | sexpartite |
| different shapes of cross | latin cross cross of loraine calvary cross |
| for every... there is a monastery at the side | churches |
| components of church | monastic church situated in a court open to public cloister court inner court common court |
| one of the finest romanesque church designed by Architect Dioti Salvi | pisa cathedral |
| circular tower worlds famous "leaning tower" | campanille, pisa |
| 8 storeys of encircling arcades | campanille, pisa |
| circular in plan | baptistery, pisa |
| cemetery | campo santo, pisa |
| when the holy roman empire was reduced to the area of germany | gothic 12th-13th centuries |
| 3 great kingdoms were left (gothic architecture) | france england castle in spain |
| prosperous years in terms of agriculture | gothic |
| warm weather and invention of the wind-mill and watermill increased the amount of food produced | gothic |
| in gothic, most europeans were... | catholics |
| in gothic, what church brought christians together | church under the POPE |
| in gothic, entire christianity was united against... | muslims |
| in gothic, who spent wealth on building more castles, cathedrals and monsteries | rulers church townspeople |
| in gothic, how many new towns were built to accommodate the rising population | 4000 |
| in gothic, what are the towns that became centers of trade | paris milan florence venice naples |
| in gothic, who ruled the mixture of lands | nobles |
| in gothic, landlords ruled with tyranny | feudal system |
| in gothic, towns became... - disease was rife | crowded and dirty |
| struck europe from 1347 to 1351 and killed half the population | black death |
| spread by rats and fleas | black death |
| could kill a person within 3 days | black death |
| a term used in reproach to this style | gothic |
| a departure from classic | gothic |
| can be identified by the general use of pointed arch | gothic |
| also called “Medieval Architecture” | gothic |
| gothic in french | L'architecture Ogivale |
| lancettes | primaire 12th century AD |
| Distinguished by pointed arches and geometric traceries | lancettes primaire 12th century AD |
| rayonnant | secondaire 13th century AD |
| Characterized by circular windows with wheel tracery | rayonnant secondaire 13th century AD |
| flamboyant | tertiare 14th - 16th century AD |
| flame-like window tracery or free-flowing tracery | flamboyant tertiare 14th - 16th century AD |
| features: Tall, thin columns – “stretching up as if to heaven" | gothic |
| features: Use of pointed arch to cover rectangular bays | gothic |
| features: Use of flying buttresses weighted by pinnacles | gothic |
| features: Walls released from load-bearing function | gothic |
| features: Invention of colored, stained glass windows to adorn window-wall | gothic |
| provided a framework for Bible stories to be told in pictures | tracery windows |
| Cathedrals as a library for illiterate townspeople - Biblical stories were told with... | stained-glass and statuary |
| a library for illiterate townspeople | cathedral |
| one of the oldest French cathedrals | Notre Dame, Paris |
| Begun by Bishop Maurice | Notre Dame, Paris |
| this church features: Façade features successive tiers of niches with statues: Christ and French kings | Notre Dame, Paris |
| this church features: Central wheel window | Notre Dame, Paris |
| this church features: Two western towers with high pointed louvred openings | Notre Dame, Paris |
| other cathedrals in gothic architecture | beauvais cathedral laon cathedral soissons cathedral |
| Built on mounds above rivers Thick walls and small windows to resist attack | castles |
| built in 13th Century AD double wall, inner one made in 600 AD 50 towers and moat two gateways guarded by machicolations, drawbridge and portcullis | carcassone (castle) |
| carcassone has two gateways guarded by... | machicolations, drawbridge and portcullis |
| england 1066 to 1154 AD 1154 to 1189 AD | norman transitional |
| 1066 to 1154 AD Includes the raising of most of major Romanesque churches and castles | norman |
| 1154 to 1189 AD Pointed arches in Romanesque structures | transitional |
| Equivalent to High Gothic in France Also called "Lancet" or "First Pointed" style, from long narrow pointed windows | EARLY ENGLISH (1189 to 1307 AD) |
| Window tracery is "Geometrical" in form, and later, flowing tracery patterns and curvilinear surface pattern | DECORATED (1307 to 1377 AD) |
| Also called "Second Pointed", equivalent to French "Flamboyant" style | DECORATED (1307 to 1377 AD) |
| Also called "Rectilinear“ or "Third Pointed" | PERPENDICULAR (1377 to 1485 AD |
| Increasing application of Renaissance detail | TUDOR (1495 to 1558 AD) |
| Renaissance ideas take strong hold | ELIZABETHAN (1558 to 1603 AD |
| May have been attached to monasteries or to collegiate institutions | cathedrals |
| Found in precincts with dormitories, infirmary, guest houses, cloisters, refrectory, other buildings | cathedrals |
| Complex of church, royal palace and burial grounds widest (32 m) and highest vault in England | Westminster Abbey |
| Most important medieval building in Britain | Westminster Abbey |
| largest medieval cathedral in England and in Northern Europe | York Cathedral |
| longest medieval cathedral in England | Winchester Cathedral |
| Erected by new and wealthy trading | MANOR HOUSES |
| Parts of Manor Houses | great hall room with solar room chapel latrine chamber service rooms kitchens central hearth |
| butler's pantry | buttery |
| food storage | larder |
| example of manor houses | penhurst place, kent |
| in Germany, the chief influence came from..., not from German Romanesque | france |
| In Belgium and The Netherlands, it was based on..., developing the... | French Gothic; Brabantine style |
| Had a different look: Nave and aisle of same height One or two immense and ornate western towers or apse, in place of sculptured doorway Brick-work and simplified ornamentation | HALL CHURCHES |
| other example of Hall Churches | Ulm Cathedral |
| typical hall church | St. Elizabeth, Marburg |
| Strong Moorish influences: the use of horseshoe arches and rich surface decoration of intricate geometrical and flowing patterns | SPAIN |
| Churches had flat exterior appearance, due to chapels inserted between buttresses | SPAIN |
| Excessive ornament, without regard to constructive character | SPAIN |
| Irregular in plan Most beautiful and poetic of all Spanish cathedrals | Burgos Cathedral (1221 - 1457 AD) |
| Largest Medieval church in Europe Second largest church in the world, next to St. Peter's, Rome | Seville Cathedral (1402 to 1520 AD) |
| other cathedrals in spain | genrona cathedral granada cathedral toledo cathedral salamanca cathedral Avila Cathedral Segovia Cathedral Barcelona Cathedral |
| Led the way in Europe, in terms of art, learning and commerce | ITALY |
| Cultural revival was taking place in... in advance of northern Europe | ITALY |
| what arrested the development of gothic architecture in italy | roman tradition remained strong |
| Verticality of Gothic is generally neutralized by horizontal cornices and string courses | ITALY |
| In gothic, it is where the absence of pinnacles and flying buttresses | ITALY |
| Small windows without tracery | ITALY |
| Projecting entrance porches with columns on lion-like beasts | ITALY |
| Designed by Arnolfo di Cambio Essentially Italian in character, without the vertical features of Gothic Peculiar latin cross plan with campanile and baptistery | Florence Cathedral or S. Maria del Fiore by Arnolfo di Cambio |
| One of most stupendous undertakings since the building of the Pisa cathedral | Siena Cathedral |
| Outcome of civic pride - all artists in Siena contributed their works to its building and adornment | Siena Cathedral |
| Cruciform plan Zebra marble striping on wall and pier | Siena Cathedral |
| Largest Medieval cathedral in Italy 3rd largest cathedral in Europe | Milan Cathedral |
| The longitudinal passage between sections of seats in an auditorium or church. | aisle |
| In a church, the space flanking & parallel to the nave; usually separated from it by columns, intended primarily for circulation but sometimes containing seats. | aisle |
| An elevated table, slab, or structure, often of stone, rectangular round for religious, rites, sacrifices, or offerings. | altar |
| The communion table in certain churches | altar |
| A passageway around the apse of a church, or for circumambulating a shrine. | ambulatory |
| A covered walk of a cloister | ambulatory |
| A semicircular (or nearly semicircular) or semi-polygonal space, usually in a church, terminating an axis & intended to house an altar. | apse |
| The forecourt of an early Christian Basilica, with colonnades on all four sides, and usually a fountain for ablutions in the center. | atrium |
| An ornamental canopy over an altar, usually supported on columns, or a similar form over tomb or throne. | BALDACHINO, CIBORIUM |
| A part of a church or a separate building in which baptism is administered. | BAPTISTERY, BAPTISTRY |
| a bell tower attached to the body of the church | BELFRY |
| A transverse space in a church a few steps above the floor of the nave & aisles, & separating them from the apse. In a synagogue, a raised pulpit from which the torah (holy bible) is read | BEMA |
| a bell tower separated from the body of a church | CAMPANILE |
| bared screens in a Basilica, separating the clergy from the Laity | CANCELLI |
| A basin for a ritual cleansing with water in the atrium of an early Christian basilica | CANTHARUS |
| The bishop’s throne, set at the end of the apse | CATHEDRAL |
| The sanctuary of a church, including the choir, reserved for the clergy. | CHANCEL |
| that part of a church between the sanctuary & the nave reserved for singers & clergy. | CHOIR |
| A lantern or cupola above or nearly above the high altar in Spanish Architecture. | CIMBORIO |
| The tomb of a martyr or confessor | CONFESSIO |
| if an altar was erected over the grave, the namewas also extended to the altar & to the subterranean chamber in which it stood; In later times a basilica was sometimes erected over the chamber & the entire bldg. Also known as a confession. (A crypt below) | CONFESSIO |
| a large extension of the interior volume of a church | EXEDRA |
| a screen or partition on which icons are placed, separating the bema from the nave of an Eastern church | ICONOSTASIS |
| An enclosed porch or vestibule at the entrance to some early Christian churches | NARTHEX |
| The middle aisle of a church. By extension, both middle & side aisles from the entrance to the crossing or chancel. | NAVE |
| That part of the church intended primarily for the laity. | NAVE |
| The open arcade between the central & side aisles. | NAVE ARCADE |
| A recess in wall, usually to contain sculpture or an urn; often semi-circular in plan, surmounted by a half dome. | NICHE |
| An elevated enclosed stand in a church in which the preacher stands. (Speaking place). | PULPIT |
| A room in a church where the sacred vessels and vestments are kept. | SACRISTY, VESTRY |
| The immediate area around the principal altar. The sacred shrine of divinity.(composed of chancel & choir). | SANCTUARY |
| A canopied recess for a religious image or icon. | TABERNACLE |
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