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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Iroquois Confederation | confederation of five (later six) distinct tribes who maintained a permanent peace and military alliance with each other |
| Joint-Stock Companies | a company made up of a group of shareholders. |
| Conquistadores | Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. |
| Encomineda System | A system used by Spaniards in which Indians were given to colonists to use for labor. |
| Spanish Caste System | socio-cultural categories based on a person's lineage. European, peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain), and criollos, (Spaniards born in the New World). |
| Bartolomé de las Casas | A Spanish missionary who was disgusted and outraged by the poor treatment of Native Americans especially the encomienda system. |
| New Laws of 1542 | pushed by Bartolomé to end Indian slavery, labor, and end the encomineda system |
| Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda | argued against Bartolomé de las Casas that Indians were less than human |
| Roger Williams | Separatist leader and the founder of the colony of Providence Plantations, which became Rhode Island. He is best remembered for his advocacy of religious freedom and separation of church and state |
| Anne Hutchinson | A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. |
| House of Burgesses | the first elected legislative assembly in the New World, established in Virginia in 1619. (dominated by elite planters) |
| Mayflower Compact | the first written document establishing self-governance in what would become the United States. (made decisions by the will of the majority) |