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BU 1 prelims
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| • WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM • SANITARY DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM • STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM • PLUMBING FIXTURE • FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM • FUEL AND GAS PIPING SYSTEM | PLUMBING SYSTEM COMPONENTS |
| the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply of liquids, and such water, liquid and other carried-wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property; | plumbing |
| System includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and downspout; and all building drains and sewers, including their respective j | plumbing system |
| what year when the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by the government in the City of Manila | 1902 |
| the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection | Master Plumber John F. Haas |
| when did the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally organized | 1935 |
| NAMPAP | National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines |
| Manila City Ordinance 2411, the "Plumbing Code for the City of Manila" was enacted and placed under the Department of... | Department of Public Services, Manila |
| plumbing code for the city of manila | manila city ordinance 2411 |
| when did the Third Congress approved House Bill No. 962 | 1954 |
| House Bill No. 962 which in June 18, 1955, became R.A... | RA 1378 - Plumbing Law of the Philippines - ratification of president ramon magsaysay |
| when did the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines prepared by NAMPAP promulgated and approved by Malacañang | January 28, 1959 |
| building code of the philippines | RA 6541 |
| Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the “Building Code of the Philippines" was passed with the "National Plumbing Code of 1959" as referral code in full text | before martial law in 1972 |
| plumbing law | RA 1378 |
| who approved the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 adopted by the professional regulation commission? | President Joseph Estrada approved December 21, 1999 pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 (Plumbing Law) |
| three major phases of water cycle | evaporation condensation precipitation |
| the plumbing cycle | source supply distribution use collection disposal treatment |
| lakes, rivers, reservoirs in the plumbing cycle | source |
| water mains, storage tanks in the plumbing cycle | supply |
| pressure, piping networks in the plumbing cycle | distribution |
| gravity, piping networks in the plumbing cycle | collection |
| plumbing fixtures in the plumbing cycle | use |
| sanitary and storm sewers in the plumbing cycle | disposal |
| sewage plants, natural purification in the plumbing cycle | treatment |
| Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds | rain water |
| advantage of rain water | water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water supply system |
| Cistern water for drinking should be... | boiled, chlorinated or otherwise sterilized |
| disadvantage of rain water | Only a source during the wet season; Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes; Roofs may not be clean |
| Obtained from ponds, lakes and rivers | natural surface of water |
| advantage of natural surface of water | Easy to acquire Usually in large quantities Used for irrigation, industrial purposes and, when treated, for community water supply |
| disadvantage of natural surface of water | Contains a large amounts of bacteria, organic, & inorganic substances; Purification & treatment is necessary |
| Obtained from underground by means of mechanical & manual equipment; | ground water |
| From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural area | ground water |
| advantage of ground water | Usually has an abundant supply; requires less treatment because of natural filtering |
| disadvantage of ground water | May have organic matter & chemical elements; treatment is suggested; Character of ground water, its hardness, depends upon the nature and condition of the soil and rock through which it passes or percolates |
| sources of water | rain water natural surface water ground water |
| use of water | nourishment cleansing and hygiene ceremonial use transportational uses cooling medium ornamental element protective uses |
| types of wells | wells dug well bored well jetted well driven well |
| holes in the earth from which a fluid may be withdrawn using manual or mechanical means such as draw bucket, pump etc. | wells |
| - Shaft is excavated/installed with a casing; shallow construction - Can be constructed with hand tools - Depth of about 15 meters (50ft) - Can have the greatest diameter that a space may allow | dug well |
| depth of dug well | 15 meters (50ft) |
| - These are dug with earth augers. - Usually less than 30 meters (100ft) deep. - Diameter ranges from 2-30 inches - Lined with metal, vitrified tile or concrete | bored well |
| depth of bored well | 30 meters (100ft) |
| -Use of extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundations in the vicinity. -Makes use of a suction pump above, while casing acts as the pump riser. | jetted well |
| -Used only where ground is relatively soft, hence sometimes referred to as "Sand-Point Wells" | jetted well |
| - A steel drive-well point is fitted on one end of the pipe section and driven into the earth. - Point may be driven into the ground to a depth of up to 15 meters (50ft). | driven well |
| 2 most common sources of contamination | septic tank / leach fields livestock feedlots |
| locating a well | • Location must not be less than 100 ft. away from such pollution sources • Locate on higher ground • The deeper the well, the better for natural filtration • 15.24 meters (50ft) away from a septic tank. |
| locating a well location must not be less than... away from such pollution sources | 100ft. |
| locating a well it should be... away from a septic tank | 15.24 meters (50ft) |
| fundamental units of water | specific weight specific gravity volume flow average velocity pressure standard atmospheric pressure gauge pressure absolute pressure vacuum pressure static pressure residual pressure discharge pressure |
| physical properties of water | surface tension heat absorption capacity capillarity dissolving ability |
| the ability to stick itself together and pull itself together | surface tension |
| the ability to absorb heat without becoming warmer | heat absorption capacity |
| the ability to climb up a surface against the pull of gravity | capillarity |
| known as the universal solvent | dissolving ability |
| testing of water | chemical analysis bacteriology |
| test for potable water that provides chemical analysis of the water indicating the parts per million (ppm) of each of chemical found in the water | chemical analysis |
| provides estimate of density of bacteria in the water supply in particular the presence of coliform organism. | bacteriology |
| treatment and purification problems | acidity hardness turbidity color pollution |
| treatment and purification cause entrance of oxygen and carbon dioxide | acidity |
| treatment and purification cause presence of magnesium and calcium salts | hardness |
| treatment and purification cause silt or mud in surface or in ground | turbidity |
| treatment and purification cause presence of iron and manganese | color |
| treatment and purification cause contamination by organic matter or sewage | pollution |
| treatment and purification effects corrosion of none ferrous pipes; rusting and clogging of steel pipes | acidity |
| treatment and purification effects clogging of pipes; impaired laundry and cooking | hardness |
| treatment and purification effects discoloration; bad taste | turbidity |
| treatment and purification effects discoloration of fixtures and laundry | color |
| treatment and purification effects disease | pollution |
| treatment and purification correction raising alkaline content by the introduction of a neutralizer (sodium silicate) | acidity |
| treatment and purification correction boiling; use of an ion exchanger (zeollite process) | hardness |
| treatment and purification correction filtration | turbidity |
| treatment and purification correction oxidizing filter | color |
| treatment and purification correction chlorination | pollution |
| objectionable element | calcium, magnesium sulfur salt iron pathogenic germs acid algae |
| reasons for treatment produces hardness | calcium, magnesium |
| reasons for treatment bad tase and odor highly corrosive to plumbing stains clothing | sulfur |
| reasons for treatment bad taste, highly corrosive | salt |
| reasons for treatment stains clothing & plumbing fixtures interferes with water softeners iron bacteria clogs pipes | iron |
| reasons for treatment unhealthy; may cause poliomyelities | pathogenic germs |
| reasons for treatment highly corrosive, picks up lead, stains clothing | acid |
| reasons for treatment bad taste and odor | algae |
| water treatment and purification | aeration coagulation and precipitation filtration sedimentation chlorination |
| Spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to remove trapped harmful gases such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide | aeration |
| Addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which precipitates readily. The precipitate is gathered in large dumps and disposed of. | coagulation and precipitation |
| Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles. | filtration |
| Particles of matters that are suspended in the water are allowed to stay in a container so that they will settle in the bottom, then drawing the water out, leaving these sediments in the container. | sedimentation |
| Water is injected with hypochlorite or chlorine gas to kill the harmful bacteria | chlorination |
| method of treatments for carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide | aeration |
| method of treatments for suspended material | coagulation and settling process |
| method of treatments for bacteria | chemicals and sand filtration |
| method of treatments for calcium and magnesium | addition of water softeners |
| method of treatments for iron | iron filters |
| method of treatments for sulfur | chlorination |
| method of treatments for pathogenic germs | disinfection |
| method of treatments for acid | marble or limestone filtration |
| defects in water distribution systems | water velocity cross connection backflow back pressure / back siphoning backpressure backflow double check valve assembly water hammer water hammer arrester expansion viscosity |
| maximum water velocities in water supply piping are usually limited to a range of 5 to 10 feet, maximum safe velocities for thermoplastic pipes is about 5 feet. | water velocity |
| an unsatisfactory arrangement of piping that can cause non-potable water to enter the water supply systems. (e.g. faucet airgap, garden hose). | cross connection |
| type of cross connection that occurs when contaminated water unintentionally flows backwards into distribution pipes. | backflow |
| a backflow caused by a negative pressure (vacuum) in a water system. | BACK PRESSURE/BACK SIPHONING |
| a downstream pressure that is greater than the supply pressure. (use vacuum breaker- prevents backflow) | backpressure backflow |
| consists of two check valve assembled in series usually with a ball valve or gate valve installed at each end for isolation and testing. | double check valve assembly |
| large pressure develops when fluid moving through a pipe is suddenly stopped. (e.g. sudden closing of a valve) | water hammer use: air chamber |
| a vertical extension of a fixture pipe wherein air is trapped to serve as a cushion to any pressure surge. | use: air chamber |
| patented devices that absorbs hydraulic shock; typically placed at the end of the branch line between the last two fixtures served or at midpoint for runs | WATER HAMMER ARRESTER |
| thermal expansion can push pipe through a wall or cause it to burst | expansion |
| the viscosity (thickness) decreases with temperature decrease-pumping energy and cost are higher | viscosity |
| parts of water distribution system | service pipe water meter building main / horizontal supply main riser branch fixture branch fixture supply valves storage tanks |
| pipe from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served | service pipe |
| -device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service | water meter |
| -the principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which the various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken. | building main / horizontal supply main |
| -a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures | riser |
| - Anything horizontal in water piping system | branch |
| -the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water-distributing pipe | FIXTURE BRANCH |
| -used for control, isolation and repair of the water distribution system | fixture supply valves |
| an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood-level rim of any tank, vat or fixture. | air gap (water distribution) |
| - any of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal soil or waste branch. | battery of fixtures |
| water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water distributing pipe | fixture branch |
| - the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow over the top or rim of the fixture | flood level |
| a flexible tubing connection between a service pipe and water main; a return bend of a small sized pipe commonly used as a faucet | gooseneck |
| the installation of all piping and fitting parts of the plumbing system, which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures and accessories. includes: sanitary and storm drainage, tap, hot and chilled water supply, gas pipings and the necessary | roughing - in |
| classification of public water distribution system | direct pressure distribution indirect pressure distribution |
| Water is obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin & extended into deep water. | direct pressure distribution |
| components of direct pressure distribution | water basin receiving well filtration plant |
| Water is taken form a drilled well or underground water Involves individual special mechanical equipment. | indirect pressure distribution |
| level of service | level 1 (point of source) level 2 (communal faucet system) level 3 (individual house connection) |
| point of source protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but without a distirbution system, generally adaptable for rural areas | level 1 |
| communal faucet system COMPOSED OF A SOURCE, A RESERVOIR, A PIPED DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND A COMMUNAL FAUCETS. | level 2 |
| individual house connection A SYSTEM WITH A SOURCE, RESERVOIR, PIPED DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND HOUSEHOLD TAPS | level 3 |
| access to water supply facilities | level 1 level 2 level 3 |
| access to water supply FARTHEST USER IS NOT MORE THAN 250 METERS FROM POINT TO SOURCE. | level 1 |
| access to water supply facilities USER NOT MORE THAN 25 METERS FROM COMMUNAL FAUCET SYSTEM | level 2 |
| access to water supply facilities HOUSE SERVICE CONNECTION FROM THE SYSTEM | level 3 |
| types of coldwater distribution system | upfeed system downfeed (overhead feed) / gravity system |
| Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main. | DIRECT UPFEED under upfeed system |
| -When pressure supplied by city water; supply is not strong enough. -Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system. | air pressure system (pneumatic) |
| upfeed system | direct upfeed air pressure system (pneumatic) |
| Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity. | overheadfeed |
| - Pressure from water main is inadequate to supply tall buildings. - Water supply is affected during peak load hour. | DISADVANTAGES (UPFEED SYSTEM) |
| -Eliminates extra cost of pumps & tanks. | ADVANTAGES (UPFEED SYSTEM) |
| -With compact pumping unit. -Sanitary due to airtight water chamber. -economical (smaller pipe diam) -less initial construction & maintenance cost -Oxygen in the compressed air serves as purifying agent. -Adaptable air pressure. -Air pressure | ADVANTAGES (PNEUMATIC SYSTEM) |
| -Water supply is affected by loss of pressure inside the tank in case of power interruption | DISADVANTAGES (PNEUMATIC SYSTEM) |
| used in the overhead feed or downfeed system | gravity tanks |
| types of gravity tanks | 1. WATER TOWER USED IN COMMUNITY SYSTEM; 130 FT (40M) 2. ELEVATED OVERHE AD TANK- USED IN PRIVATE SYSTEM; 30-35 FT |
| - Usually built of reinforced concrete underground and connected with a pump | under ground tank / cistern |
| -Pumping system needed | ground tank |
| - used in air pressure system - often used with a pump - Also makes use of a pressure relief valve, which relieves pressure automatically if necessary | pressure / pneumatic tank |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/8 in 10 mm | drinking fountain |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/8 inch 10 mm | lavatory |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/8 inch 10 mm | water closet (flush tank) individual fixture |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1.2 in 13 mm | bathtub |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1.2 in 13 mm | bidet |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1.2 in 13 mm | combination sink and tray |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1.2 in 13 mm | kitchen sink |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1.2 in 13 mm | shower |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1.2 in 13 mm | urinal (lip type) |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1.2 in 13 mm | fixture branch pipe |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/4 in 10 mm | urinal (flush tank) |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/4 in 19 mm | urinal (stall) |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/4 in 19 mm | water service |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/4 in 19 mm | building supply pipe |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 3/4 in 19 mm | sill cock |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1 in 25 mm | bedpan washer |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1 in 25 mm | urinal (pedestal) |
| MINIMUM SIZE OF FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE 1 in 25 mm | water closet (flashometer interval) |
| water demand | maximum demand probable demand |
| Maximum water discharge for plumbing fixtures in terms of units | maximum demand |
| It is equal to the total fixture units in a plumbing system wherein one unit is approximately valued at 7.5 gallons of water discharge per minute. | maximum demand |
| Referred to as the peak load, it is the probable amount of water discharge at any given time. “The fewer the number of fixtures installed the higher the percentage of probability of their simultaneous use”. | probable demand |
| rate of consumption at least 20 LPCD | level 1 |
| rate of consumption at least 60 LPCD | level 2 |
| rate of consumption at least 100 LPCD | level 3 |
| rate of consumption at least 150 LPCD | level 4 |
| probability of simultaneous use of fixture percentage of simultaneous use - 50%-100% | number of fixture 1-5 |
| probability of simultaneous use of fixture percentage of simultaneous use - 25%-50% | number of fixture 6-50 |
| probability of simultaneous use of fixture percentage of simultaneous use - 10%-25% | number of fixture 50 or more |
| methods of heating | electric gas-fired or fuel-fired solar |
| Have coil elements which heat water as electric current passes through the elements. | electric |
| Have burners located on the bottom of a tank and a vent passes up through the center of the tank. | gas-fired or fuel-fired |
| have photovoltaic tubes | solar |
| types of hot water tank | range boiler storage tank tankless or instantenous |
| Small hot water tank (30-60cm in diameter; not more than 180cm length); made of galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless | range boiler |
| Large hot water tank (60-130cm in diameter, not more than 5mtrs in length); Made of heavy duty material sheets applied with rust proof paint. | storage tank |
| also known as demand type, provide hot water only as it is needed. They don't produce the standby energy losses associated with storage water heaters, which can save you money. | tankless or instantenous |
| • With a continuing network of pipes to provide constant circulation of water. • Hot water rises on its own and does not need any pump for circulation. • Hot water is immediately drawn from the fixture any time. • Provides economical circulating ret | upfeed and gravity system |
| • Hot water rises on the highest point of the plumbing system and travels to the fixtures via gravity (closed pipe system). • "Overhead feed and gravity return system” • Water distribution is dependent on the expansion of hot water and gravity | downfeed and gravity return system |
| mps are introduced for a more efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of multi-storey buildings. | pump circuit system |
| hot water consumption gallons per person per hour 4-5 | office buildings |
| hot water consumption gallons per person per hour 2-3 | school buildings |
| hot water consumption gallons per person per hour 8 | apartment buildings |
| hot water consumption gallons per person per hour 8-10 | hotels |
| hot water consumption gallons per person per hour 4-6 | factories |
| hot water consumption gallons per person per hour 10 | residential |
| working load of hot water system average working load 25% | school, office, and industrial types |
| working load of hot water system average working load 35% | apartments and residences |
| working load of hot water system average working load 50% | hotels and restaurants |
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