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VETT 118 WEEK 4
Digestive system organs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems | Pharynx (throat) |
| pharyng/o- | pharynx |
| mastication | chewing |
| ptyalism/hypersialosis | hypersalivation |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| phag/o- | eating/digestion |
| The collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach. | Esophagus |
| The esophagus is located _______ to the trachea | Dorsal |
| The esophagus enters the stomach through an opening that is surrounded by a _____________. | Sphincter |
| abdomin/o- Celi/o- | Abdomen |
| Lapar/o- | Abdomen and flank |
| the membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities and some of the organs in that area. | peritoneum |
| The layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities is called the | Parietal peritoneum |
| the layer of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs is called the | Visceral peritoneum |
| The fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to the liver | lesser omentum |
| part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines | greater omentum |
| ___________ animals have one true, or glandular, stomach | monogastric |
| The _________ ___________ is the one that produces secretions for digestion. | glandular stomach |
| entrance area located nearest the esophagus | Cardia |
| base of an organ, which is the cranial, rounded part | fundus |
| main portion of an organ, which is the rounded base or bottom; also called the corpus | body |
| caudal part, which is the constricted part of the stomach that joins the pylorus | antrum |
| narrow passage between the stomach and the duodenum | pylorus |
| the muscle ring that controls the flow of material the muscle ring that controls the flow of material | pylorus sphincter |
| folds present in the mucosa of the stomach, contains glands that produce gastric juices that aid in digestion and mucus that forms a protective coating for the stomach lining. | Rugae |
| animals that can regurgitate and remasticate their food. | ruminants |
| Normal microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract | Intestinal flora |
| Regurgitated food particles, fiber, rumen fluid, and rumen microorganisms are called: | Cud |
| The ruminant stomach is divided into ____ parts. | four |
| largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation vat; also called the paunch. Divided into a ventral and dorsal sac. | Rumen |
| most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach; also called the honeycomb because it is lined with a mucous membrane that contains numerous intersecting ridges. | reticulum |
| third compartment of the ruminant stomach; has short, blunt papillae that grind food before it enters the abomasum. | Omasum |
| fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach; also called the true stomach. The glandular portion that secretes digestive enzymes. | Abomasum |
| extends from the pylorus to the proximal part of the large intestine. | small intestine |
| a fold of peritoneum that attaches the small intestine to the dorsal abdominal wall | mesentery |
| enter/o- | small intestine |
| Gastroenterology | The study of the stomach and the small intestine |
| the segment of the small intestine located nearest the mouth; proximal or first portion of the small intestine. | duodenum |
| duoden/o- dueden/i- | duodenum |
| middle portion of the small intestine | jejunum |
| the segment of the small intestine located furthest from the mouth; distal or last portion of the small intestine | ileum |
| ile/o- | ileum |
| a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine | chyle |
| first part of the large intestine | Cecum |
| Col/o- | Colon |
| pouches that form in the large intestine when the longitudinal muscles are shorter than the colon | Haustra |
| rect/o- | rectum |
| the caudal portion of the large intestine | rectum |
| The caudal opening of the rectum | anus |
| Anorectal | pertaining to the anus and rectum |
| The anus is controlled by ___ anal sphincter muscles that tighten or relax to allow or control defeca-tion | two |
| An/o- | Anus |
| proct/o- | the anus and rectum collectivity |
| pair of sacs between the internal and external anal sphincters | anal sacs |
| The accessory organs of the digestive tract include the: | Salivary glands, Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
| The liver removes excess _________ from the bloodstream and stores it as __________ | glucose, glycogen |
| Condition in which the blood sugar is low | hypoglycemia |
| hepatocytes | liver cells |
| capillaries in the liver | sinusoids |
| Fundamental tissue of the liver composed of thin-walled living cells that function in photosynthesis and storage. | parenchyma |
| A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. | Bile |
| Emulsification | Fat digestion |
| A muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion | Gall blader |
| a pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin that is released by the liver in bile. | Bilirubin |
| chol/e- | bile/gall |
| Cholecystic | pertaining to the gall bladder |
| Choledochus | Common bile duct |
| an elongated gland located near the cranial portion of the duodenum | Pancreas |
| Pancreat/o- | Pancreas |
| Tryspin | Enzyme that digests protein |
| lipase | Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fat |
| amylase | Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest carbohydrates |
| the process of breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use. | Digestion |
| substances that chemically change another substance | enzyme |
| the processes involved in the body use of nutrients | metabolism |
| meta- | change or beyond |
| building of body cells and substances | Anabolism |
| breaking down of body cells and substances | Catabolism |
| tiny, hair-like parts growing out of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, that aid in absorbing certain substances | villi/villus |
| a valley of the intestinal mucous membrane lining the small intestine | crypts |
| Process of digestion that involves collecting food in the oral cavity. The material taken orally is known as ingesta | Prehension |
| Process of digestion that breaks food into smaller pieces and mixes the ingesta with saliva | Mastication |
| Process of digestion that moves chewed ingesta into the pharynx and into the esophagus | Deglutition |
| is the series of wavelike contractions of smooth muscles that moves food down the esophagus | Peristalsis |
| -stalsis | contraction |
| Segmentation | the action of moving food through the small intestine |
| elimination of feces | defecation |
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matthewh1401