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ap stats vocab 1

TermDefinition
variable holds information about the same characteristic for many subjects
categorical variable where the data collected places the individuals in various categories or groups
quantitative variable where the data collected is numerical and it makes sense to use it for numerical operations
frequency table lists the categories for a categorical variable and displays the counts for each category
relative frequency table lists the categories for a categorical variable and displays the percenatges for each category
distribution describes how a quantitative variable behaves. generally include shape, center, spread, & unusual features
bar chart a display for categorical data that uses bar height to represent counts or percentages for each category
histogram a display for quantitative data that uses adjacent bars to represent counts or percentages of values falling in each interval
stem & leaf (stemplot) a display for quantitative data that uses place values to represent the distributions
dot plot a display for either kind of data that uses a dot to represent each individual in the data set
measures of center mean for distributions that are symmetric, median for all other distribution shapes
measures of spread standard deviation for distributions that are symmetric, IQ for all other distribution shapes
uniform distribution a distribution whose shape is evenly distributed throughout the values it takes
symmetric distribution a distribution whose shape is unimodal and each side is roughly a mirror image of the other
left skewed distribution a distribution that has a concentration of data on the upper end and the tail on the left
right skewed distribution a distribution with a concentration of data on the lower distribution end and the tail on the right
outliers values that fall outside the overall pattern of the data
mean the average of the data values
median the value in the center of an ordered data set
range the maximum data value minus the minimum data value
first quartile the value where 25 % of the data fall below it in an ordered list
third quartile the value where 75% of the data falls below it in an ordered list
interquartile range (IQR) the third quartile minus the first quartile
percentile the place in the data where a certain percentage of the data falls below that value
5 number summary includes the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, & the maximum
modified boxplot a display for quantitative data that graphs the five-number summary on an axis and shows outliers of the exist
variance the standard deviation squared, it is a measure of spread
advantage of stemplot retains the actual data values from the data set
advantage of histogram easy to see shape of distribution & good for large data sets
resistant values that are not strongly affected by extreme values, the median is more resistant that the mean. The standard deviation is most strongly affected by extreme values
explanatory variable attempts to explain the observed outcomes in a statistical study (known as independent variable)
response variable measures the outcome of a statistical study (known as dependent variable)
sample a part of the population used to gather information about the entire population
population the entire group of individuals that we want information about
qualitative data data that can be arranged categorically based on the attributes and properties of a thing or a phenomenon (known as categorical data)
numerical data values that can be measured and put into a logical order
marginal distribution totals for the probabilities. shown in the margins of the table (B/C)
conditional distribution probability distribution for a sub-population (A/B)
independence same percentage between marginal and conditional distribution
Created by: sebinlee
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