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Surgery
Lab 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the pH of blood | 7.4 |
| what type of instruments should be passed close | towel clamps and sharp instruments |
| how should curved instruments be passed | curve up in surgeons hand |
| what are most surgical instruments made of | stainless steal |
| list advantages of stainless steal in surgical instruments | hard, strong, corrosion resistant, durable |
| term for instruments that do not close or align correctly | sprung |
| what must instruments be cleaned with prior to sterilization | detergent |
| why cant ordinary soap be used to clean instruments | forms an alkali film in the presence of hard water |
| what removes small debris and microorganisms by mechanical energy and is 16 times more effective then manual cleaning | ultrasonic cleaning |
| heat produced by steam under pressure will coagulate what in bacteria and spores | proteins |
| when should instruments be autoclaved closed | only when sharp |
| what is the standard time and temperature for steam sterilization | 15 minutes at 121 C |
| in emergencies unwrapped instruments can be sterilized at what temperature and time | 3 minutes at 121 C |
| what instruments use a ratchet-locking device to grasp and retract tissue | forceps |
| at UGRC we only use what instrument for opening packs | Allis tissue forceps |
| which instrument has intermeshing teeth that ensure a secure grip | Allis tissue forceps |
| what instrument is similar to the Allis tissue forceps but with no gripping teeth | Babcock intestinal forceps/clamps |
| the absence of teeth enables Babcock intestinal forceps to be used on what type of tissues | delicate tissues |
| what are Doyen intestinal forceps used for | to hold bowel |
| what instrument is used to secure drapes to the patients skin | Backhaus towel forceps/clamps |
| what instrument secures drapes to skin but also has metal bead on each tip | Roeder towel forceps |
| what are the two advantages to having metal bead on each tip of a towel forceps | doesn't puncture the skin as deeply, helps keep the drape from sliding |
| what towel forceps has cross action and does not have a ratchet-locking device | Jones towel forceps |
| what instrument holds gauze to provide hemostasis during surgery or when performing patient preparation | Sponge forceps |
| term for application of a ligature or material to tie off blood vessels to prevent bleeding or constrict tissue | ligating |
| instrument used for ligating vessels and tissues | Hemostatic forceps |
| Hemostatic forceps are also know as... | hemostats |
| what are the smallest type of hemostatic forceps | Halstead mosquito forceps |
| what type of hemostatic forceps have transverse serrations that cover the entire jaw length | Halstead mosquito forceps |
| crile forceps are the same size as what forceps | Kelly |
| what forceps are used to grasp intermediate-sized vessels and have complete transverse grooves | Crile forceps |
| what forceps are used to grasp intermediate-sized vessels and have distal transverse grooves | Kelly forceps |
| what is the difference between Crile and Kelly forceps | Criles have complete transverse grooves while Kellys have distal transverse grooves |
| what type of procedure would Halstead mosquito forceps be used for | cat neuter, lygate/crush spermatic cord |
| what procedure would Crile forceps and Kelly forceps be used for | medium dog neuter or cat spay |
| why would you not use Crile forceps for a cat neuter | controlled trauma, to much crushing action. Risk overtramatizing vessels |
| what forceps are used to clamp large tissue bundles that contain blood vessels | Rochester-Carmalt forceps |
| what forceps have longitudinal grooves and distal transverse grooves | Rochester-Carmalt forceps |
| Order he following forceps in order of increasing crushing action; Crile, Pean, mosquito | mosquito, crile, pean |
| what procedure would Rochester-Carmalt forceps be used in | mature dog spay |
| what species would Rochester-Pean forceps be used for | livestock species |
| what is the term for stem or stem-like structure | pedicle |
| Rochester-Carmalt forceps and Rochester-Pean forceps are commonly used in what procedures | stump and pedicle ligation |
| Which forceps have transverse grooves and clamp large bundles that contain blood vessels | Rochester-Pean forceps |
| what is the main difference between Rochester-Carmalt forceps and Rochester-Pean forceps | Carmalt have longitudinal grooves, pean have transverse grooves |
| what procedure are Rochester Ochsner forceps used in | de-claw procedure |
| describe the teeth on the Rochester Ochsner forceps | 1:2 one tip has one tooth and the other tip has two teeth |
| what advantage do teeth have in instruments that benefits the surgeon | allows better grip on larger tissue bundles |
| what instrument is similar to Rochester-Pean or Crile forceps but in addition have 1:2 teeth at the tips | Rochester Ochsner forceps |
| what instrument assists in holding large bundles of tissue and severe bleeders | Ferguson angiotribe forceps |
| when would Ferguson angiotribe forceps be used | used for life or die as they have massive crushing action |
| what is the name of the standard tissue forceps (rat tooth forceps) that are used to grasp skin, place sutures and have large teeth that intermesh | Thumb forceps |
| name the instrument that have multiple fine intermeshing teeth on edges of the tips, the sides of the blades are wider for ease of handling | Brown-Adson tissue forceps |
| Brown-Adson tissue forceps teeth can be described as | alligator teeth |
| instrument that provide good tissue grip with minimal damage to tissue due to very fine "rat tooth" tips, used on delicate tissues | Adson tissue forceps |
| what forceps are not used for tissue | Standard dressing forceps |
| instrument that have serrations but no teeth on the jaws, useful for handling dressing material | Standard dressing forceps |
| instrument that have rounded tips and are used for holding hollow viscera | Russian tissue forceps |
| term for internal organs closed within a cavity | viscera |
| what scissors are used for anything but tissue | Standard Surgical Scissors |
| Standard surgical scissors have what three types of points | blunt/blunt, sharp/blunt, sharp/sharp |
| Standard surgical scissors can be classified in what three ways | type of point, shape of the blade, cutting edge |
| what scissors are used for cutting suture, drape material, or other inanimate material | Standard surgical scissors |
| what type of scissors always have blunt-blunt tips | Mayo scissors |
| i blunt dissect and cut though bulky connective tissue. What scissor type am I? | Mayo scissors |
| what scissor is for cutting/dissecting more delicate tissue, have fine tips and long handles, tips can be blunt-blunt or sharp-sharp | Metzenbaum scissors |
| the general purpose of this instrument is for blunt dissection/cutting of soft tissue, allow finer detail then Mayo scissors | Metzenbaum scissors |
| one blade has a flat, thick edge and blunt tip, used to cut under a bandage without puncturing patients skin | Lister bandage scissors |
| small, sharp, delicate scissors commonly used for intraocular surgery | Iris scissors |
| have short thick jaws with serrated edges for cutting wire suture material | Wire cutting scissors |
| used to cut and remove sutures postoperatively | Suture scissors |
| Which is smaller; Spencer scissors or Littauer scissors | spencer |
| type of forceps used to hold curved needles and aid in tying sutures | Needle holders/drivers |
| type of needle drivers crisscross groves assist in grasping the needle, can be used only as a needle holder | Mayo-Hegar |
| crisscross grooves assist in grasping the needle, combined with scissors to cut sutures without using separate scissor | Hegar-Olsen |
| what is a type of needle driver not commonly used in vet surgery | Matieu or Castroviejo |
| what is a Ovariohysterectomy hook or spay hook called at UGRC | snook |
| type of spay hook with broad, flat handle, flat curved tip | standard spay hook |
| type of spay hook with a octagonal handle and buttoned tip | Covault spay hook |
| double ended, one end with a three-pronged point, useful for skin and superficial muscle retraction | Senn rake retractors |
| hand held for large muscle masses, one end shaped like a paddle so the wound edges can be opened easily | Meyerding, Hohmann, and US army retractors |
| made of a soft metal, can be bent to accommodate hard-to-retract areas | Malleable retractors |
| When are Gelpi retractors commonly used | during orthopedic procedures and neurosurgery |
| what is the difference between Gelpi and Weitlander retractors | Weitlander have multiple prongs at the tips |
| when are Balfour retractors useful | abdominal surgery, hold abdomen open |
| when are Finochetto retractors used | during thoracic surgery |
| what do Bunt forceps holder do | hold instruments |
| Groove directors are sometimes used for what | assist in making an incision |
| what scalpel number handle is used first prior to the one used internally | #4, then #3 |
| what scalpel handle is used with a detachable blade | Bard-Parker |
| number 3 handle is for what blades # | #10-15 |
| number 4 handle is for what blades # | #20-25 |
| surgical needles are available in what three characteristics | size, shape, needle point |
| what are the three needle shapes | straight, curved, half curved |
| the ____ the circle the ______ the space they are used in | larger, tighter |
| what are the needle points available | cutting point (trocar point), Tapered (noncutting) point |
| what needle point is very good at cutting through skin | Cutting point |
| what are cutting point needles used for | skin, cartilage, tendons |
| what can tapered point needles be used for | delicate tissues (bladder, intestinal wall, etc.) |
| which type of needle point is atraumatic | tapered point |
| what are the two types of needles available | Eyed needles, swaged |
| what needle type has suture material already connected by being fused to the end of the needle | swaged |
| which needle type is less traumatic to skin | swaged |
| which type of needle is reusable with an eye to place suture through | eyed needle |
| what are RVT allowed to suture | catheters and small lacerations |
| what are the formats of suture material available | cassettes, individually wrapped packages, packaged in alcohol, spools |
| suture material differs in... | size, absorbability, construction of the strand |
| how is suture material size expressed | as a number |
| what is the largest commonly used suture | 2 |
| 0 is also pronounced as | ought |
| which suture size is larger; 2-0 or 3-0 | 2-0 |
| most small animal surgery is most commonly done using what suture size | 2-0, 3-0 |
| order from bigger to smaller; 1, 5-0, 0, 3-0, 2, 4-0 | 2, 1, 0, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0 |
| type of suture that when left in the body, will be slowly degraded, absorbed, and excreted through the kidneys | absorbable suture material |
| give examples of absorbable suture material | catgut, monocryl, PDS, vicryl |
| examples of non-absorbable suture material | stainless steal, nylon, prolene |
| what type of absorbability for sutures is used internally | absorbable |
| what is an acceptation to internal sutures not being absorbable | ligament repair |
| non-absorbable suture type is usually removed how many days later by scissor | 7-14 days |
| true or false; absorbable suture material can't be used externally | false |
| suture material which only has one thread | monofilament suture |
| what are advantages to monofilament suture | causes less trauma to tissues, does not conduct infection well |
| suture material which multiple threads are intertwined in together to form a rope | multifilament (braided) suture |
| braided suture materials can only be used in infected areas if they are what | coated |
| what suture material exhibits capillary action | catgut and silk |
| what happens to catgut when it is used in an animal | absorbs water and swells |
| what is a pour material to use in infected areas or areas where infection may spread | catgut |
| non-absorbable suture can be ____ or _____ | natural, synthetic |
| what is a non-absorbable monofilament suture that is best at resisting bacterial degradation but kinks easily | stainless steel |
| what is the best non-absorbable synthetic suture material | Prolene |
| which non-absorbable suture material has memory, is less likely to cause tissue reaction, is very strong, monofilament but very expensive | Prolene |
| what non-absorbable synthetic suture may cause stitch granulomas | Nylon |
| localised inflammatory reactions that develop at the site of retained suture material | stitch granulomas |
| type of suture that retains tensile strength for 60 days or more | non-absorbable |
| type of suture that retains their strength for several weeks | absorbable |
| suture that is most likely to cause suture reactions, made from the submucosal layer of sheep intestine, and shows capillary action, no knot slipage | catgut |
| absorbable suture, knots may slip, may be coated or uncoated | Dexon |
| what suture is interchangeable with Dexon | Vicryl |
| best absorbable suture material | P.D.S. |
| similar but less expensive then P.D.S. | Monocryl |
| sutures provide a temporary means of holding onto an organ. this is known as... | stay sutures |
| what are the basic knots that a surgeon needs to know | half hitch, square knot, surgeons knot, reinforced surgeons knot, granny knot, half hitch knot |
| when are hand ties useful | when a very tight suture must be applied |
| any abnormal passage within the body tissue, generally a passage leading from two internal organs or an internal organ to the body surface | fistula |
| basic building block suture, can be used on any layer, UGRC use on linea alba | simple interrupted |
| quicker to perform then simple interrupted, less suture material, if knot unravels incision dehisces, UGRC use on SQ layer | simple continuous |
| suture line comes apart | dehisces |
| variation of simple continuous, used primarily on large animals (on skin) | (Ford) Interlocking continuous |
| what is Ms Tallons favorite suture pattern | Horizontal mattress |
| 2 stitches one knot, not over incision (better healing), UGRC use on skin incisions, | horizontal mattress |
| no external sutures visible, UGRC use in dog castrations | Subcuticular (with buried knots) |
| what are problems with sutures that are too tight | may rip out, irritating to animal so may chew at them, need to leave skin sutures quite loose to avoid |
| suture reactions are most common in what species | cats |
| problems with animals that remove sutures | may get dehiscence, irritation due to too tight sutures or razor burn, options available to control |
| abdominal surrogate, which is a model used to allow student surgeons to practice surgery before working on a live animal | DASIE |
| who developed the DASIE | DR. Homberg at OVC |
Created by:
fmacleod