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Unit 1 quiz: Lecture
Unit 1 Quiz: Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of these brings nonspecific material into a cell? Question 1 options: Phagocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis Transcytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis | Pinocytosis |
| Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens. True False | false |
| What type of gradient causes the movement of ions due to both charge and concentration differences? Electrochemical gradient Thermal gradient Concentration gradient Pressure gradient Osmotic gradient | Electrochemical gradient |
| A __________ contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA. genome gene nucleotide genetic code codon | gene |
| ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage. True False | tru |
| A cell starting prophase has 92 molecules of DNA in its nucleus. True False | true |
| The appendicular region consists of the head, neck, and trunk. True False | false |
| The sodium-potassium (Na +-K +) pump transports both sodium and potassium _________ their concentration gradients in a process called _______ up; active transport up; facilitated transport up; cotransport down; active transport down; countertransport | up; active transport |
| Microvilli and cilia differ in their function, but have the same internal structure. Question 9 options: True False | truuue |
| Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called catabolic reactions. | tru |
| Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes have similar effects on cell division. true false | false |
| The gene coding for a polypeptide made of 51 amino acids would have a minimum of _________ bases. 20 51 102 153 | 153; 51 x3 |
| Homeostasis and occupying space are both unique characteristics of living things. true false | false |
| Which of the following bones is/are part of the appendicular region? Check all that apply. A) Ilium (part of the hip bone) B) L5 vertebra (part of the spine) C) Humerus (upper arm bone) D) Sternum (breast bone) E) Femur (thigh bone) | A C E |
| The brain and spinal cord are protected by the _________. pleura pericardium peritoneum serosa meninges | meninges |
| ___ opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication; ___ adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand. DNA ligase; DNA helicase DNA helicase; DNA polymerase DNA ligase; DNA polymerase DNA helicase; DNA ligase | DNA helicase; DNA polymerase |
| Who was a physician to the Roman gladiators, learned by dissection of animals, and saw science as a method of discovery? Hippocrates Plato Schwann Aristotle Galen | Galen |
| A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is _ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid, and will cause the cell to __. | Higher; shrink |
| The cranial cavity contains the brain. T OR F | True |
| You were able to radioactively tag and thereby trace an amino acid that is used to make insulin, a hormone that will be exported out of the cell. The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be __________. | rough ER → Golgicomplex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains a moist serous membrane called the __________. peritoneum pleura pericardium mediastinum meninges | peritoneum |
| The lexicon of standard international anatomical terms is | called Terminologia Anatomica (TA) |
| DNA is an example of an __________, whereas PET scan is an example of an __________. | abbreviation; acronym |
| Which molecule contains anticodons? An mRNA A DNA molecule A tRNA An rRNA A cDNA | A tRNA |
| In the appendicular region, the wrist is called the _________ region, and the ankle is called the ___________ region. | carpal; tarsal |
| What is the process of using numerous observations to develop general principles and predictions about a specific subject called? | The inductive method |
| Muscle cells contain numerous __________ to serve their high demand for ATP. | mitochondria |
| Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called __________. | osmosis; aquaporins |
| The term fallopian tube (uterine tube) is an example of | an eponym |
| Which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body? Transverse abdominal Latissimusdorsi Trapezius Pectoralismajor External oblique | transverse abdominal |
| A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called | denaturation |
| A __________ reaction breaks a __________ down into its monomers. | hydrolysis; polymer |
| The most superior segment of the upper limb is called the | brachial region |
| All functions of the body can be interpreted as the effects of cellular activity. T OR F | true |
| Which of the following approaches understanding the human body by studying the interactions of its parts? Naturalism Reductionism Vitalism Holism Rationalism | reductionalsism? |
| The __________ system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. | digestive |
| The lumbar vertebrae are __________ to the thoracic vertebrae. | inferior |
| The fatty membrane that hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the small intestine is called the __________. | greater omentum |
| Which of the following is not a nucleotide? RNA GTP ATP cAMP | RNA |
| Minerals are organic molecules that must be obtained through food. T or F | False; innorganic |
| Germ cells have __________ unpaired chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells. | 23; somatic |
| The vibration of an ear drum is an example of __________ energy. | kinetic |
| Which of the following omits some stage(s) of the cell cycle? G1, S, G2,mitosis Interphase,mitosis G1, DNAreplication, G2, mitosis Prophase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis Interphase,prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis | Prophase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis |
| All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon. T or F | T |
| Eye color is a normal polygenic trait. True False | true |
| Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume? Molarity Volume Percentage Weight pervolume Milliequivalentsper liter | s |
| The trachea is __________ to the esophagus. | anterior |
| A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another. | gradient |
| Between the two scapulae is a region referred to as the __________ region. | scapular |
| When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water ... | ionic bonds between Na + and Cl - are broken |
| The frontal plane passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left portions. T or F | False; sagittal plane |
| Which of these molecules is hydrophobic? Glucose Cholesterol Amino acid Protein Disaccharide | Cholesterol |
| Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) __________, the protein is in a(n) __________, and the cells are in a __________. | solution; colloid; suspension |
| The study of normal body structures is called | Anatomy |
| Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane, are called __________. | peripheral proteins |
| Lactose is the substrate of which enzyme? | Lactase |
| The sternum (breastbone) is __________ to the vertebral column. | Anterior |
| The tarsal region is __________ to the popliteal region. | distal |
| Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can get? | The relationship between the cell's volume and length |
| Anticodons, codons, and base triplets correspond to __________ respectively. | tRNA, mRNA, and DNA |
| Cellular membranes are permeable to __________, but impermeable to __________. | nutrients;proteins |
| What are the three common components of a feedback loop? | Receptor, integrating (control) center, and effector |
| The spine encloses the __________. | vertebral canal |
| The ___________ is an organ directly associated with the_________ and __________systems. | pancreas; digestive; endocrine |
| Which of the following would contain the greatest amount of information that scientists consider to be true to the best of their knowledge? A fact A law ofnature A hypothesis An equation A theory | theory |
| White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of __________. | phagocytosis |
| Which of the following was an adaptation that evolved in connection with human upright walking? | Spinal and pelvic anatomy |
| What is the principal theory of how evolution works? | Natural selection |
| The most superficial wall of the pleural cavity is lined by the __________, whereas the outer surface of the lungs is covered by the __________. | parietal pericardium; visceral pericardium |
| The number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its__________. The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its __________. | osmolarity; tonicity |
| Organs are made of tissues. | true |
| After mitosis, each chromosome consists of two parallel filaments called sister chromatids. t or f | False |
| A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid. The patient was given intravenous fluids of normal saline. Normal saline is __________ to your blood cells and is about __________ NaCl. | isotonic; 0.9% |
| Which of the following is not a membranous organelle? Mitochondrion Ribosome Nucleus Endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex | ribosomes? |
| The thoracic cavity is divided into right, left, and medial portions by a region called the _________. | mediastinum |
| The _____ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the _____ region of the same limb. | femoral; crural |
| Which of the following does not affect the rate of diffusion? | Presence of enzymes |
| Anatomists around the world adhere to a lexicon of standard international terms which stipulates both Latin names and accepted English equivalents. T or F | true |
| We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called __________. | homeostasis |
| Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM) can magnify much more than a light microscope, even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of __________. | higher resolution |
| Why is precise spelling important in anatomy? | There are many similar terms in anatomy that refer to different structures. |
| Which of the following processes could occur only through a cellular membrane? Facilitateddiffusion Simplediffusion Filtration Osmosis Activetransport | active transport? |
| Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake ofglucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thusreducing blood glucose concentration. | this is an example of negative feedback |
| All of the body's nonreproductive cells, called __________, usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells. | somatic cells; diploid (2n) |
| The __________ wraps around and is directly adhered to the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. | visceral peritoneum |
| Proteoglycans are composed of __________. | carbohydrates and proteins |
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