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human anatomy unit 1
Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anything that takes up space and has weight? | Matter |
| Composed of chemically identical atoms? | Elements |
| Required by the body in large amounts (CHON) ? | Bulk elements |
| Required in the body in small amounts? | Trace elements |
| Arsenic, mercury are called? | Ultratrace elements |
| Smallest particle of an element? | Atoms |
| When TWO or MORE atoms chemically combine? | Molecules |
| Particles formed when two or more atoms of DIFFERENT elements chemically combined? | Compound |
| Depict the elements present and the NUMBER OF EACH ATOM present in the molecule? | Molecular Formulas |
| What are subatomic particles? | Protons, Neutrons, and electrons |
| Positive charge, one weight unit? | Protons |
| No charge, one weight unit? | Neutrons |
| Negative charge, orbit arounds the nucleus? | Electrons |
| Have no charge, (electrically neutral) Protons=electrons? | Atoms |
| NUMBER of protons and electrons? | Atomic number |
| NUMBER of protons + number of neutrons? | Mass number |
| Outermost shell? | Electron shell |
| Center of Atom, contains protons and neutrons? | Nucleus |
| Orbits around the nucleus? | Electron cloud |
| Sharing of electrons between atoms? | Covalent bonds |
| Creates surface tension causing blood to form droplets? | Hydrogen bonds |
| EQUEL sharing of electrons between atoms? | Nonpolar molecules |
| UNEQUAL sharing of electrons between atoms? | Polar molecules |
| Transfer of electrons? | Ionic bonds |
| Electrically charged atom? | Ion |
| Positively charged ion? (atom loses electrons) | Cation |
| Negatively charged ion? (atom gains electrons) | Anion |
| Forming a bond? | Store energy |
| Breaking a bond? | Releasing energy |
| All the cellular reactions of the body and chemical reactions. | Metabolism |
| _______form different products? | Reactants |
| Breaks molecules into smaller components? | Decomposition |
| Decomposition using water? | Hydrolysis |
| Cuts things down? | Catabolism |
| Combining of atoms or smaller molecules into larger molecules? Always involves new bond formation ? | Synthesis |
| removal of water to form a larger molecule? | Dehydration synthesis |
| Collective synthesis or new molecules in the body, requires input of energy? | Anabolism |
| Chemical bonds that are broken and new bonds are form? | Exchange reaction |
| Products that can change back to the reactants? | Reversible reactions |
| Proteins that lower activation energy for a reaction? | Enzymes |
| compounds that speed up reactions without changing themselves ? | Catalysts |
| Energy needed to start a reaction? | Activation energy |
| Reactants enzymes is designed to act upon? | Substrates |
| Location on enzymes for bonding of substrate? | Active sites |
| Once binding to enzymes occurs? | Enzymes-substrate complex |
| Series of enzymes-controlled reactions leading to formation of a productz? | Metabolic pathways |
| Substances that release ions in water? | Electrolytes |
| Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water? | Acids |
| Substances that release ions which combine with hydrogen ions? (OH-) | Bases |
| Electrolytes formed by the reactions between an acid and a base? | Salts |
| Indicates the concentrations of hydrogen ions in solutions? | pH scale |
| A solution with a pH below 7 is acidic; it contains more H+ than OH-? | Acids |
| A solution with pH of 7 is said to be natural, it contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions? | Neutral |
| A pH above 7 is basic, or alkaline (AL-kuh-lin) meaning that it has more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions? | Bases |
| Needed to provide energy to cells, helps build cell structures, contains C, H, O. H to O ratio is close to 2:1? | Carbohydrates |
| Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, ribose? | Monosaccharides |
| Sucrose, lactose, maltose? | Disaccharides |
| Glycogen starch, cellulose? | Polysaccharides |
| Used primarily for energy, common lipids in the body, contains C,H, and O but less O, building blocks are 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids per molecules? | Fats (triglycerides) |
| Four connected rings of carbon, widely distributed in the body, various functions, component of cell membrane, used to synthesize hormones, cholesterol? | Steroids |
| Building blocks are 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate per molecules, hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, major component of cell membranes? | Phospholipids |
| Most abundant organic molecules in the body, normally account for 20% of total body weight, contain C,O,H and N and maybe S & P, consist of long chains of amino acids? | Proteins |
| Amino acids held together with______? | Peptide bonds |
| Sequence of amino acids? | Primary structure |
| Molecules shape changes due to bonds at different parts of the polypeptide chain? | Secondary Structure |
| Coiling and folding giving the proteins in a final 3-D shape? | Tertiary structure |
| Onteraction between multiple polypeptide chains to form a protein complex? | Quaternary structure |
| Protein shape and function deteriorate? | Denaturation |
| Large organic molecules, composed of carbons, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, primary function is storage and transfer of information, particularly synthesis of proteins, consists of two long chains formed from dehydration synthesis of subunits? | Nucleic acids |
| DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| RNA? | Ribonucleic acid |
| (Nucleic acids) Nitrogenous base? | Purines, Adenine, Guanine Pyrimidines, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil Pentose sugar, Phosphate group. |
| the type of chemical bonds? | Covalent bonds, hydrogen bons and Ionic Bonds |
Created by:
hw0993422