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AP terms
for AP Lang
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ad Hominem Argument | (of an argument or reaction) directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining EX: "You have no idea what you're talking about; you've only lived here for six months." |
| Allegory | a story, poem, or picture that has a hidden meaning Ex: Aesop's Fables, folklore |
| Alliteration | Repetition of the same sound (consonant) EX: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers" |
| Allusion | reference to something commonly known EX: "This place is a Garden of Eden." Literally, the place probably isn't the biblical Garden of Eden in the Book of Genesis, but the intended meaning is that the setting is a paradise. |
| Ambiguity | intentional multiple meaning or vagueness of a word, phrase sentence, or passage EX: Jake saw her duck. It can mean "a bird" or "bend." The word remains ambiguous b/c the sentence does not provide enough context for the word duck. |
| Analogy | a comparison between two things, used to explain or clarify something ex: "She's as blind as a bat." |
| Antecedent | what the pronoun refers to EX: "Sally walked her dog," the pronoun her refers to Sally, making Sally the antecedent |
| Antithesis | when two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect. ex: "Too black for hell, too white for heaven." |
| Aphorism | a concise, memorable expression of a general truth or principal. "Actions speak louder than words." |
| Apostrophe | a speech or address to a person who is not present, a personified object, or an idea "LOVE, WHY HAVE YOU FORSAKEN ME" (Love is not a real person, is an idea) |
| Atmosphere | the overall mood of a story or poem |
| Caricature | a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect. |
| Chiasmus | a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form ex: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair." |
| Clause | a group of words that contains both a subject and predicate (and a phrase does not a verb, unless it is a verb phrase) ex: "Charlie eats a shoe." |
| Colloquialism | the use of informal, everyday language in writing (slang) Ex: "Yo." |
| Conceit | a type of figurative language in which the writer establishes a comparison between two very different concepts or objects Ex:" A broken heart is like a damaged clock |
| Connotation | an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literary or primary meaning |
| Denotation | the literal or primary meaning of a words, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests. |
| Diction | the careful selection of words to communicate a message or establish a particular voice or writing style |
| Didactic | the type of literature that is meant to instruct or teach something ex: A textbook, recipe, fables |
| Euphemism | a word or phrase that softens an uncomfortable topic |
| Extended Metaphor | when a writer compares unrelated objects or ideas with figurative language for more than a sentence, a metaphor in great detail. |
| Figurative Language | a type of communication that does not use a word's strict or realistic meaning |
| Generic Conventions | the features shown by texts that allow them to be put in a specific genre or category |
| Genre | a particular type of literature, painting, music, film, or other art form which people consider as a class because it has special characterstics |