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Ecology Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology: | the study of the abundance & distribution of organisms in relation to environmental conditions and other organisms |
| Ecological systems: | a community of organisms that work together in an environment • Controlled by external & internal factors |
| Biosphere | all the ecosystems on Earth |
| Law of conservation of matter: | matter can not be created nor destroyed; only change form • Matter has mass and occupies space E.g : Sunshine getting transformed into sugar through photosynthesis |
| Law of conservation of Energy: | energy cannot be created or destroyed; only change form • First law of thermodynamics |
| Dynamic Steady State: | when the gains and losses of ecosystems are balanced • Input = output |
| Phenotype: | expression of genotype; attributes of organism; behavior, morphology, & physiology |
| Genotype: | set of genes an organism carries |
| Habitat: | the place or physical setting in which an organism lives |
| Niche: | the range of abiotic and biotic conditions that an organism can tolerate; a role or job a species have |
| The Scientific Method: | Hypotheses: Proximate hypotheses: Predictions Ultimate hypothesis: |
| Natural Experiment | • An approach to hypothesis testing that relies on natural variation in the environment Looks at composition |
| Manipulated experiment | • Treatment: the factor that we want to manipulate • Control: a treatment that includes all aspects of an experiment except the factor of interest • Replication: Being able to produce a similar outcome multiple times • Randomization: experimental |
| The Green House effect | A process where solar radiation from the sun hits Earth and is converted to infrared radiation through being absorbed by clouds and the Earth's surface. where atmosphere gas absorbs and re-emits it in multiple directions |
| List the green House gases | § Water vapor § Carbon dioxide § Methane § Nitrous oxide Ozone |
| Albedo: | the fraction of solar energy being reflected by an object It varies depending on the surface |
| Atmospheric currents | ◊ Driven by unequal heating of Earth ◊ Warm air rises: holds more moisture then cool air 1. Solar energy warms the air 2. Warming causes the air to expand and rise 3. When air reaches regions of decreased atmospheric pressure it expands even more cau |
| Hadley cells: | • The circulation cells of air between the equator and 30 degrees N and 30 degrees south * The area where the two cells converge causes a large amount of preciptiation called intertropical convergence zone ( ITCZ) |
| Polar cells: | currents that move air between 60 degrees and 90 degrees latittude in the North and South hemisphere |
| The Coriolis Effect: | the deflection of an object's path due to the rotation of Earth - Wind direction is affected by the speed of the Earth's rotation: changes with latitude - The different rotation speeds defect the direction of surface air circulation - The path of a |
| Gyres: | The large scale water circulation patterns between continents • Waters near the equator are warmer ○ Resulting in expansion § Has a higher elevation □ Force of gravity moves water away from equator |
| Saturation Points: | The limit of water vapor that the air can contain |
| Latent Heat Release: | when water vapor converts to liquid, water releases energy as heat |
| Adiabatic cooling: | The cooling effect of reduced pressure on air as it rises higher in the air it expands |
| Adiabatic Heating: | heating effect of increased pressure on air as it sinks toward the surface of Earth and decreases volume |
| Upwelling: | an upward movement of ocean water • Stream from bottom coming to surface, brings up sediment |
| Thermohaline Circulation: | surface and deep water currents that flow as a result of varations in temperature and salinity that change the density of water 1. Warm water flows from the Gulf of Mexico to the North Atlantic • The water freezes and evaporates 2. The remaining w |
Created by:
kpangburn