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Ap world history
DAR al-islam and Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Caliphate | political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and peoples under its dominion |
| Sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad. |
| Shi’a | One of the two main branches of Islam |
| Quran (Koran) | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina. |
| Sultanate | a place where the Sultan claims to rule the territory, but not the Islamic Faith |
| Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats |
| Five Pillars of Islam | faith (shahada), prayer (salah), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj) |
| Hadith | a tradition based on reports of the sayings and activities of Muhammad and his companions. |
| Hajj | fifth pillar of Islam,symbol of religious unity. |
| Hijra | he Prophet Muhammad's migration (622 ce) from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) upon invitation in order to escape persecution. |
| Ka’ba | A building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. (The Cube) |
| Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace |
| Jihad | refers to "struggle" |
| Medina | a city in western Saudi Arabia to where Muhammad had fled |
| Muslim | a believer or follower of Islam |
| Qadis | Muslim judges who carried out the judicial functions of the state. |
| Sharia | Laws based off quran |
| Ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology |
| Sufism | Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God. |
| House of Wisdom | major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or to a large private library belonging to the Abbasid Caliphs during the Islamic Golden Age. |
| Al-Andalus | Arabic name given to a nation in the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims |
| Prophet Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam |
| Al Razi | celebrated alchemist and Muslim philosopher who is also considered to have been the greatest physician of the Islamic world. |
| Ibn Sina | One of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic World, a persian who wrote prolifically on scientific and philosophical issues. |
| Nasir al din Tusi | Persian mathematician and cosmologist |
| Rumi | Persian Islamic theologian and scholar but became famous as a mystical poet |
| Ibn Kaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states |
| Ibn Battuta | a medieval Muslim traveler who wrote one of the world's most famous travel logs, the Riḥlah. |
| A’ishah Bint Yusuf Al-Bauniyyah | Sufi master and poet. |
| Feudalism | Lords gave lands to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty. |
| Manorialism | the economic system dependent upon serfdom, indentured labor, and the complex political network of alliances of Feudalism. |
| Serfdom | condition in medieval Europe in which a tenant farmer was bound to a hereditary plot of land and to the will of his landlord |
| Crusades | religious wars undertaken by Christians. |
| Hanseatic League | confederation of guilds and market towns in Northern Europe during the early modern period (1358-1800). |
| Heavy Plows | Introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permited deeper cultivation of heavier soils; a technological innovation of the medevial agricultural system. |
| Horse Collars | Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders |
| Water Mills | a simple, inexpensive, hand-powered spinning machine |
| Three Estates | the clergy, nobility and commoners |
| Chivalry | A moral, social and religious code that was originally created to teach knights how to behave during Medieval times |
| Troubadours | A French medieval lyric poet composing and singing in southern France and Occitania in the 11th to 13th centuries. |
| Trade Guilds | A sworn association of people who gather for some common purpose. |
| Magna Carta | agreement imposed on King John of England on 15 June 1215 by rebellious barons in order to limit his power and prevent arbitrary royal acts like land confiscation and unreasonable taxes. |
| Scholasticism | philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theolog |
| Monasticism | religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. |
| Sacraments | A religious ceremony or act of the Christian Church that is regarded as an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual divine grace, in particular. |
| Relics | human remains of saints or holy figures in religions ranging from Christianity to Buddhism. |
| Gothic Architecture | an architectural style in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls. |
| Reconquista | a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims |
| Renaissance | A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture |
| Humanism | system or mode of thought or action in which human interests, values, and dignity predominate |
| Hundred Years War | an intermittent conflict between England and France lasting 116 years. |
| Yersinia Pestis - Bubonic Plague | , the most common variant of the disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, |
| Little Ice Age | a period of wide-spread cooling when average global temperatures dropped by as much as 2°C (3.6°F), particularly in Europe and North America. |
| Kievan Rus | State that emerged around the city of Kiev in the 9th century; a culturally diverse region that included vikings as well as Finnic and Baltic peoples. |
| The Decameron | ten wealthy young people who abandon the city for a luxurious country retreat. |
| Pope Urban II | ruler of the Papal States ,He is best known for convening the Council of Clermont which ignited the series of Christian conquests known as the Crusades. |
| Saladin | a Kurdish general and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty who ruled in the twelfth century |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine | the Duchess of Aquitaine, a province of France, from CE, Queen of France ), and Queen of England. |
| Richard I | a chivalrous medieval king; for battling Saladin during the Crusades; and for rebelling against his father, Henry II |
| St Thomas Aquinas | growing scholastic movement in late medieval Christianity, meaning he believed that knowledge was important and reason could coexist with faith. |
| Dominicans | part of the group of religious orders known as the “mendicant orders.” |
| Franciscans | part of the group of religious orders known as the “mendicant orders.” |
| Margery Kempe | a medieval mystic and author of the first autobiography in English, The Book of Margery Kempe, |
Created by:
KamLC