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MedTerms Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The formal practice of medicine began with the | greeks and romans |
| The combining form ____________ refers to blood. | hemat/o |
| Medical terms are composed of | combining form, prefix,suffix |
| What is a suffix? | ending that modifies the root |
| What is the meaning of the suffix –trophy? | development |
| What is the meaning of the prefix ecto- ? | outside |
| What is the meaning of the prefix trans- ? | across/through |
| The prefix _______________ means slow. | brady- |
| The prefix ____________ means backward or behind. | -retro |
| The combining form _______________ means bone. | oste/o |
| An endocrinologist is | a specialist in the treatment or study of hormonal problems |
| An osteoma is a type of | tumor |
| The combining form __________ refers to the kidneys. | nephr/o |
| What is an electrocardiogram? | record of electrical activity of the heart |
| Which of the following suffixes means formation? | -poiesis |
| Which suffix means pain? | -algia |
| Who wrote the first code of ethics for physicians? | Hippocrates |
| Which pair of directional terms share the same meaning? anterior and dorsal lateral and dorsal inferior and caudal superior and ventral proximal and medial | inferior and caudal |
| How are the patient's arms positioned in the anatomical position? | arms at sides with palms facing forward |
| Which of the following pairs of directional terms have opposite meanings? posterior and medial superior and posterior proximal and distal anterior and lateral inferior and posterior | proximal and distal |
| As a directional term used in medicine, what does lateral mean? | to the side of the body or formation |
| As a directional term, what does visceral mean? | covering the surface of an internal organ |
| Which of the following body positions might be used for an examination of the posterior body surfaces? | prone |
| Which of the following body positions does not require the patient to lie on his or her back? | sims |
| Which two body positions might be used in childbirth? | dorsal recumbent and lithotomy |
| Which pair of movement terms do not have opposite meanings? supination and pronation flexion and extension circumduction and eversion abduction and adduction dorsiflexion and plantar flexion | circumduction and eversion |
| Which pair of terms refers specifically to the movement of the foot? | dorsiflexion and plantar flexion |
| When you turn the palm of your hand upward, you are ____ your hand. | supinating |
| Which abdominopelvic region is in the lower middle position, under the navel? | hypogastric |
| Which abdominopelvic region is in the upper right position, beneath the ribs? | right hypochondriac |
| Which of the following abdominopelvic regions is in the uppermost position? | epigastric |
| Which two spinal divisions contain fused vertebrae? | sacral and coccygeal |
| This branch of science specializes in the microscopic study of tissues. | histology |
| The lumbar spinal division corresponds to which region of the back? | loin |
| order of the spinal divisions | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
| Which body region term is used for the arm? | brachial |
| If you were kicked in the shin, you might sustain an injury to the ____ area. | crural |
| Which term refers to x-rays of the spinal cord? | myelography |
| What type of tissue is found throughout the body and covers internal and external surfaces | epithelial tissue |
| The study of shape or form is referred to as | morphology |
| The surgical removal of a body part is referred to as | resection |
| The instrument used to separate or hold tissues apart during surgery is called a | retractor |
| This general pathology term refers to uncontrolled overgrowth. | hyperplasia |
| What are the three categories of muscle tissue? | smooth, skeletal, cardiac |
| What body region term refers to the posterior of the head? | occipital |
| This surgical procedure removes a cancer layer by layer and tests each layer before removing the next. | mohs technique |
| For what is the surgical procedure known as debriding used? | removing eschar from a burn victim |
| Hyaluronic acid can be injected to smooth wrinkles. What is hyaluronic acid? | a natural sugar molecule |
| Which topical cosmetic procedure uses glycolic acid or phenol to create smoother skin? | chemical peel |
| Where are apocrine sweat glands found? | the arm pics and genital regions |
| The small tube-like structures within which hair is formed are called ____. | follicles |
| What is the term for hair's growing phase? | anagen |
| The highly vascular epithelial cells beneath fingernails and toenails are referred to as the ____. | nail bed |
| Where are the new keratinized cells of the nail produced? | root |
| The ____ portion of the skin protects against pathogenic and chemical entry into the body. | stratum corneum |
| In addition to derm/o and dermat/o, this combining form also means skin. | cutane/o |
| What is the medical term for a freckle? | ephelis |
| The term apocrine means relating to the ____. | sweat glands |
| The medical term for a mole or birthmark is ____. | nevus |
| The protective layer of moist, white, cheese-like substance covering the newborn is called the ____. | vernix caseosa |
| What is lanugo? | the fine, downy hair covering the skin of a newborn |
| ____ is the term for the bluish color observed around the lips, hands, fingernails, feet, and toenails of some newborns. | acrocyanosis |
| This is the most common skin problem in adolescence. | acne vulgaris |
| The small, punctate, slightly raised bright red dots that appear on the trunk during middle age are called ____. | cherry (senile) angiomas |
| By what common name are senile lentigines known? | liver spots |
| What is the medical term for cradle cap? | seborrheic dermatitis |
| The outer layer of the skin is called the ____. | epidermis |
| The majority of skin cancers are | basal cell carcinomas |
| A raised, erythematous, irregularly shaped area that is transient (as exemplified by the allergic reaction to a mosquito bite) is called a | wheal |
| What type of skin lesion is associated with both impetigo and acne? | pustule |
| This type of skin lesion is a round, flat, pigmented area and is exemplified by measles and freckles. | macule |
| This term is used to describe reddened abrasions, usually from itching. | excoriation |
| What is hirsutism? | excessive hair growth |
| ____ is an inflammation of the skin caused by an allergic response. | atopic dermatitis |
| New skin cells are formed in the ____. | stratum germinativum |
| This is an orange pigment transported via the blood that results in a change in skin color. | carotenemia |
| What is keratosis? | a lesion formed from an overgrowth of the horny layer of skin |
| This term refers to the overactivity of the sebaceous glands. | sebhorrea |
| What is the function of the articular cartilage found on the epiphyses of long bones? | to cushion the joint where two bones meet |
| The existence of this feature in the long bones indicates that bone growth is complete. | epiphyseal line |
| What do tendons connect? | muscles and bones |
| What combining form is used to refer to the fingers or toes? | dactyl/o |
| This combining form refers to the foot. | pod/o |
| What is the name of the bone in the arm between the shoulder and elbow? | humerous |
| The area inside a bone that contains the bone marrow is called the ____. | medullary cavity |
| Which pair of terms for the types of muscle tissue has the same meaning? | my/o muscul/o |
| What does the masseter muscle do? | closes the jaw during chewing |
| What is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with another bone? | hyoid |
| What muscle is responsible for flexing the arm? | biceps bracii |
| Insufficient oxygenation during exercise results in a buildup of ____, which causes muscle pain.: | lactic acid |
| Chondritis is an inflammation of the | cartilage |
| A ____ is a band of fibrous tissue connecting two or more bones. | ligament |
| What is a greenstick fracture? | a break in the softer, more pliable bone of an infant |
| The areas where the bones of the skull meet are called ____: | suture lines |
| This congenital musculoskeletal deformity results in the feet being turned outward. | metatarsus valgus |
| What is the congenital malformation known as syndactyly? | webbed or fused fingers or toes |
| What is the usual method of treating the abnormality known as genu valgum (knock-knee)? | the condition generally disappears by age three |
| What is the common name for the abnormality called pes planum? | flat foot |
| It is not uncommon to see this spinal deformity, known as humpback, in teenagers. | kyphosis |
| This change in a pregnant woman's posture is known commonly as swayback. | lordosis |
| Nearly all persons over age sixty have signs of this condition. | osteoarthritis |
| Gout is a metabolic disorder caused by an accumulation of ____ in the joints. | uric acid |
| What is the medical term for the condition commonly known as tennis elbow? | epicondylitis |
| A ____ is an incomplete dislocation, where there is some articulation between the bone and the joint. | subluxation |
| This fibrous membrane lines the cavity within the long bones that contains bone marrow. | endosteum |
| What is a ganglion? | a fluid-filled cyst that appears over a tendon |
| Osteosarcoma is a malignancy arising from ____. | bone |
| Osteosarcoma occurs most frequently in this phase of life. | puberty |
| ____ is a condition resulting from lack of blood supply, which leads to erosion and destruction of a joint. | avascular necrosis |
| What is podagra? | severe foot pain |
| What does photon absorptiometry measure? | bone density |
| An elevated level of calcium in the blood (a measure of bone destruction) is called ____. | hypercalcemia |
| Arthrodesis is a surgical procedure for ____ joints. | fixating or fusing |
| ____ is the procedure that involves placing a prosthesis in the joint capsule. | arthroplasty |
| Of the following brand names used as pharmacological agents in orthopedics, which does not function to relieve pain and decrease swelling? | flexeril |
| What do uricosuric agents do? | lower the level of uric acid in the blood |
| ____ are the living cells of bone. | osteocytes |
| What is the name for the cartilage cells? | chrondrocytes |
| ____ are physicians who specialize in treating patients who suffer from diseases of the joints, connective tissues, collagen, and other structures. | rheumatologists |
| The fluid portion of blood is called the ____. | plasma |
| Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow form these small cells in the blood that help in clotting. | platelets |
| The combining form onc/o refers to ____. | tumor |
| This hematology term refers to a protein in the blood. | albumin |
| The state of having too little oxygen in the blood is referred to as ____. | hypoxia |
| What is hemoglobin? | protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen |
| Chapter 5 refers to these cells as "the body's soldiers, ready and able to attach and destroy bacteria and other foreign invaders." | leukocytes |
| The two primary groupings of leukocytes are differentiated based on whether they are ____ in appearance. | grainy |
| The ____ is the main site of fetal blood cell production from the second to the sixth month of gestation. | liver |
| Blood cell production that takes place outside the bone marrow is referred to as ____. | extramedullary hematopoiesis |
| The most common hematologic disorder in infancy and childhood is ____. | dietary iron deficiency |
| The human body contains ____ liters of blood. | between 4 and 6 |
| This hereditary hematologic disorder is marked by abnormally-shaped red blood cells that get caught in the blood vessels. | sickle cell anemia |
| Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder caused by ____. | an inequal production of alpha and other globin chains, resulting in the ineffective production of red blood cells. |
| A deficiency in this vitamin, a condition known as pernicious anemia, can cause megaloblastic anemia. | B12 |
| This hematologic disorder is often seen in seniors and is marked by high hemoglobin levels arising from an increase in total red blood cell volume. | polycythemia vera |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by ____. | antibodies that destroy red blood cells |
| What is the meaning of the term hypochromia? | too little hemoglobin |
| A macrocyte is a ____ red blood cell. | large |
| An ecchymosis is a ____. | black and blue mark caused by leakage of blood from the vessel (bruise) |
| A blood clot that has broken free within the body is called a(n) ____. | embolus |
| What does pallor mean? | pale appearance |
| Blood and bone marrow contain three main types of blood cells: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and ____. | thrombocytes |
| An increased size of the spleen is referred to as ____. | splenomegaly |
| The condition of having too few white blood cells is referred to as ____. | leukocytopenia |
| Thrombocytosis is the condition of having too ____. | many platelets |
| Anemia is the condition of decreased ____. | hemoglobin level |
| ____ is the most common malignancy of the hematopoietic system. | leukemia |
| In the complete blood count (CBC), the measure of the amount of hemoglobin carried in the red blood cells is reflected in this index. | MCH |
| The blood test known as the differential counts these cells. | white blood cells |
| The prothrombin time (PT) test is used to assess ____. | clotting |
| This test is used to determine whether the patient has an autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | coomb's test |
| This class of pharmaceutical agents breaks down clots that have formed. | thrombolytic |
| Granulocytes and agranulocytes are subgroups of ____. | leukocytes |
| Antithrombotic agents are also known as ____. | anticoagulants |
| Antihemophilic factors are used to ____. | promote clotting |
| The physician who specializes in the treatment of ____ is called an oncologist. | cancer |
| Cancer cells show a loss of contact inhibition, which is the signal to the cell to ____. | stop dividing |
| The successful management of cancer focuses on ____. | assessing risk factors, prevention, early detection |
| A tumor's grade refers to ____. | the tumor's cells' degree of maturity |
| The term anaplastic refers to a cell's loss of ____. | differentiation |
| This is the abbreviation for the most widely used tumor classification system. | TNM |
| The process of cell division is called ____. | mitosis |
| Combining different cancer treatment strategies is called ____ therapy. | multimodal |
| The process of creating red blood cells is called ____. | erythropoiesis |
| If a tumor is found not to be cancerous, it is said to be ____. | benign |
| When the body needs more red blood cells, cells in this organ secrete erythropoietin. | kidney |
| Which of the following is not one of the four ABO blood types? | AO |
| When a donor's and a recipient's blood is mixed prior to transfusion, what happens if the blood types are not compatible? | The mixture will clump or aggultinate |
| When a blood vessel is damaged, the body works to stop the bleeding through the process of ____. | vascular constriction, platelet plug formation, local blood coagulation |
| What is the function of synovial fluid? | prevents friction between the bone and the joint |
Created by:
mooremaycee