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Eco144 Unit 10 & 13
Definitions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Money | A medium of exchange used to purchase goods or services (e.g. bank notes, bank deposits, cheques) |
Wealth | Stock of things owned or value of that stock (e.g. buildings, land, machinery, capital goods, debts owed to you) |
Income | Amount of money one receives over some period of time (flow) |
Expenditure | Income consumed that reduces wealth |
Depreciation | Reduction in the value of a stock of wealth over time |
Net Income | Maximum amount that one could consume w/o running down wealth (Net Income = Gross Income – Depreciation) |
Earnings | Wages, salaries & other income from labour |
Consumption | Expenditure on consumer goods |
Savings | Income not consumed |
Investment | Expenditure on newly produced capital goods |
Consumption (C) | Expenditure on consumer goods and services |
Investment (I) | Expenditure on newly produced capital goods (incl. equipment, buildings, and inventories = unsold output) |
Government spending (G) | Government expenditure on goods and services (excluding transfers to avoid double-counting) |
Net exports (trade balance) | Exports (X) minus imports (M) |
Business cycle | Alternating periods of positive and negative growth rates. |