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Physics Ch. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define one-dimensional motion. Give an example. | Simplest form of motion. (ONE DIRECTION) -Train down a straight track, car driving down the road, or a ball rolling on the floor. |
| Any measurement of position, distance, or speed must be made with respect to a.... | Reference frame or reference point. |
| Give an example of a reference point. | If someone walks on a train, their speed with respect to the train is a few miles per hour. With respect to the ground, it's much higher. |
| What is displacement? | How far the object is from the starting point, regardless of how it got there. |
| What is distance? | Measured along actual path. How far they traveled in total. |
| Displacement is written... | 1.) Right (or up) displacement is positive. 2.) Left (or down) displacement is negative. |
| What are the coordinate axes? | North, South, East, and West |
| Define average velocity. | Total displacement (Δx) divided by the time interval during which the displacement occurred (Δt). |
| What is the unit for average velocity? | m/s or meters/second. |
| Velocity always has... | A direction and magnitude (value). -Can be positive or negative. -Examples: North, East, 45 degrees, 180 degrees, Northeast. |
| Try practicing this example: I took a ride to my friend's house 370 km to the west along a straight highway. I left the house at 9:00 a.m. and arrived to his house at 2:00 p.m. What was my average velocity? | Answer: Approximately 20.56 m/s west. |
| Define average speed. | The total distance traveled divided by the time of travel. -No direction and don't use displacement like velocity. |
| What is scalar quantity? Give some examples. | Has magnitude only, no direction. -Distance, temperature, speed, mass, volume, energy. |
| What is velocity quantity? Give some examples. | Has magnitude and direction. -Displacement, velocity, force, weight, and momentum. |
| Define instantaneous velocity. | The velocity of an object at some point. |
| Define acceleration. | Rate of change of velocity. |
| Give the equation for average acceleration. | Δv/Δt or change in velocity divided by change in time. |
| What is the unit for acceleration? | m/(s^2). |
| When is there an acceleration? | If there is a change in magnitude or direction. |
| Acceleration is a ______, although in one dimensional motion we only need the sign. | Vector. |
| True or false: There is a difference between negative acceleration and deceleration. | True. |
| What is negative acceleration? | Acceleration in the negative direction as defined by the coordinate system. |
| What is deceleration? | Occurs when the acceleration is in the opposite direction to the velocity. Reduces the speed. |
| Solve this problem: A bus slows to a stop with an average acceleration of -1.8 m/(s^2)/ How long does it take the bus to slow from 9.0 m/s to 0.0 m/s? | Answer: 5 seconds. |
| What is the equation for displacement with a uniform acceleration? | Δx=1/2(v(i)+v(f))Δt. or Displacement= 1/2x (velocity initial + velocity final) xtime |
| Solve this problem: A race car reaches a speed of 42 m/s. It then begins a uniform negative acceleration, using its parachute and braking system and comes to rest 5.5 seconds later. Find how far the car moves while stopping. | Answer: 120 meters (m). |
| What is the velocity final equation? | V(f)= V(i) + (aΔt) or Velocity final= Velocity initial + (acceleration x change of time). |
| What is the equation for displacement with constant uniform acceleration? | Δx=v(i)Δt+1/2(a)(Δt)^2 or displacement= velocity initial x time interval + (1/2x acceleration x (time squared)) |
| What is the equation for final velocity after any displacement equation? | V(f)^2=V(i)^2 + 2(a)(Δx) Velocity final= velocity inital squared + 2 x acceleration x displacement. |
| Solve this problem:A plane starting at rest at one end of a runway undergoes a uniform acceleration of 4.8 m/s^2 for 15 sec before take off. How long must the runway be for the plane to be able to take off? | Answer: 72 m/s. |
| Near the surface of the Earth, all objects experience approximately the same ______ due to the __________. | Acceleration. -Gravity. |
| What is (roughly) the acceleration due to gravity? | 9.81 m/s^2. |
| In the absence of air resistence, all objects fall with the same... | Acceleration. |
| Define free fall. -Give an example. | Motion of an object falling with a constant acceleration. -Anything that is falling without resistance, such as air. |
| Define terminal velocity. | When the force of resistance matches the force of gravity. |
| Solve this problem: Jason hits a volleyball so that it moves an initial velocity of 6 m/s straight upward. If the volleyball starts from 2.0 m above the floor, how long will it be in the air before it strikes the floor? | Answer: 1.5 seconds. |
| What is an example of circular motion? | Sun around the moon. |
| What is an example of rotational motion? | Wheels. |
| What is an example of random motion? | Butterfly without a set path. |
Created by:
OliviaRoark
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