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Pathology Test 2
Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| External respiration takes place within the _________. | Alveoli |
| The lower respiratory system consists of ___________. | Trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles |
| The thin-walled sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood in the pulmonary circulatory system is a(n) ___________. | Alveolus |
| The trachea is ___________. | A noncollapsible tubular structure of C-shaped cartilage |
| The blood supply to nourish and support lung tissue is the ___________. | Bronchial circulation |
| The serous membrane lining that adheres to the chest wall is the ___________. | Parietal pleura |
| The hereditary disease process characterized by the excretion of viscous mucus blocking the air passages is ___________. | Cystic fibrosis |
| The newborn who experiences underacration of the lungs resulting from a lack of surfactant has ___________. | Hyaline membrane disease |
| Croups is a(n) ___________. | Viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea |
| Swelling of the epiglottis tissue commonly caused by the flu is ___________. | Epiglottitis |
| An inflammatory exudates caused by pneumococcus causing the affected lung to appear solid is called ___________. | Alveolar pneumonia |
| Viral and fungal infections causing a thickened interstitium appearing on CT as a “honeycomb lung” is ___________. | Interstitial pneumonia |
| The lung disease that is a highly volatile microbe because of its ease of transmission and high fatality rate is ___________. | Anthrax |
| A lung abscess is a(n) ___________. | Necrotic area containing purulent material |
| Rod-shaped bacteria that have a waxy coat permitting existence outside the host for long periods of time causes___________. | Tuberculosis |
| Sharply circumscribed encapsulation of the tuberculosis bacilli is known as ___________. | Tuberculoma |
| Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis are examples of ___________. | Pulmonary Mycoses |
| Chronic histoplasmosis has a radiographic appearance similar to ___________. | Tuberculosis |
| The disease that attacks the lower respiratory system causing necrosis of the respiratory epithelium of the bronchi and bronchioles leading to bronchiolitis is ___________. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| The coronavirus of unknown origin that causes upper and lower respiratory infections that begin with a nonproductive cough is ___________. | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
| The general term used to describe obstruction of the airways leading to and ineffective exchange of respiratory gases is ___________. | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| A crippling and debilitating condition resulting from trapped air causing a loss of elasticity in the alveoli is ___________. | Emphysema |
| The hallmark of pulmonary over inflation in cases of emphysema is ___________. | Flattened diaphragms |
| Common allergens causing a widespread narrowing of the airways is ___________. | Asthma |
| Squamous carcinoma typically arises from the ___________ causing narrowing of the bronchial lumen. | Major central bronchi |
| The most common malignant lung neoplasm arising from mucosa of the bronchial tree is ___________. | Bronchogenic carcinoma |
| Coccidioidomycosis is ___________. | an example of pulmonary mycosis |
| Silicosis is a type of ___________. | Pneumoconioses |
| Inflammation caused by bacillus (mycobacterium) resulting in lesion (or cavities) that may calcify and are usually found in the apices is ___________. | Tuberculosis |
| Pulmonary metastatic disease most commonly originates from a carcinoma in the ___________. | Breast |
| Stomach, thyroid, and pancreas carcinomas metastasize to the lung by ___________. | Lymphangitic spread |
| Thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremity and are trapped in the lung circulation are ___________. | Pulmonary Emboli |
| To best demonstrate pulmonary emboli, the noninvasive modality of choice is ___________. | High-resolution CT |
| A condition of diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume is ___________. | Atelectasis |
| Air in the cavity surrounding the lung is known as ___________. | Pneumothorax |
| The earliest sign of this disease process is blunting of the normal sharp angle between the diaphragm and the rib cage causing a ___________. | Pleural effusion |
| Infected fluid in the pleural cavity is a(n) ___________. | Empyema |
| Thymoma is a lesion in the ___________ mediastinum. | Anterior |
| The posterior mediastinum is the location of ___________. | Aneurysms of the descending aorta |
| A rare congenital abnormality in which one diaphragm is poorly developed and too weak to permit abdominal contents upward moment is ___________. | Eventration |
| The bone is covered on the outer surfaces by a fibrous membrane called the ___________. | Periosteum |
| The hollow tube like structure within the diaphysis is the ___________. | Medullary cavity |
| A weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces separated by thin bone is ___________. | Cancellous bone |
| The secondary ossification center in a long bone is the ___________. | Epiphyses |
| An ___________ cell is associated with bone resorption and bone removal. | Osteoblastic |
| A vertebra with characteristics of more than one major division of the spine is called ___________. | A transitional vertebra |
| Herniation of the meninges in the lumbar or cervical region is known as a ___________. | Meningocele |
| An inherited disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures is ___________. | Osteogenesis imperfecta |
| The most common form of dwarfism caused by enchondral bone formation is ___________. | Achondroplasia |
| The most common form of degenerative arthritis that has osteophyte development is ___________. | osteoarthritis |
| When a pyogenic organism enters the joint through the blood, direct extension, or trauma ___________ results. | Infectious arthritis |
| The fluid-filled sac located near joints becomes inflamed, which results in ___________. | Brusitis |
| To best demonstrate early changes in osteomyelitis, the modality of choice is ___________. | Nuclear medicine |
| Osteomyelitis is correctly characterized as ___________. | The result of bacteria, pyogenic, a postoperative complication (all of the above) |
| A disease process usually caused by accelerated bone resorption results in ___________. | Osteoporosis |
| To assess bone mineral content from a qualitative approach, the best imaging is ___________. | Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Blood levels with an increased uric acid leading to deposits of crystal in the joints and cartilage is ___________. | Gout |
| To demonstrate degenerative knee joint narrowing most accurately requires the image be ___________. | Weight-bearing standing AP and Lateral |
| The most common initial site of Paget’s disease is the ___________. | Pelvis |
| A pattern of lytic and sclerotic new bone growth with a flattening o the femoral head associated with periosteal new bone is suggestive of ___________. | Ischemic necrosis |
| Primary malignant tumors arising from the bone marrow of long bones in children and young adults usually causing localized pain is indicative of ___________. | Ewings sarcoma |
| For detecting asymptomatic bone metastases, the modality of choice is ___________. | Radionuclide bone scan |
| Discontinuity of two or more fragments is considered a(n) ___________. | Complete fracture |
| A fracture resulting from a weakness in the bone caused by a tumor or infection is known as what type of fracture? | Pathologic |
| Healing of fracture fragments in a faulty position is ___________. | Malunion |
| Suspected no accidental trauma is another name for ___________. | Battered-child syndrome |
| A fracture usually caused by falling on an outstretched hand resulting in posterior displacement of the distal fragment of the radius is a ___________. | Colle’s fracture |
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