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X-ray Production
Physics of Image Production I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electromagnetic Radiation is the transport of energy through space as a combination of ________ and ________ _____. | Electric and Magnetic fields |
| X-rays differ from the other members of the Electromagnetic spectrum in ______, _______, ________, and _________ ________. | Wavelenge, frequency, energy and penetrating ability |
| The distance between any two successive points on a wave is called the __________. | Wavelength |
| Wavelengeth is measured from _____ to _____. | crest, crest |
| What greek letter is used to represent wavelength? | lambda |
| The units used to measure x-ray wavelength is the angstrom. What is the useful range in diagnostic radiology? | .1-.5 Angstroms |
| _________ is the number cycles per second. | frequency |
| What is the unit of measure for frequency? | Hertz (Hz) |
| What is the greek letter used to represend frequency? | Nu |
| _______ is what determines penetration. | Wavelength |
| The ______ the wavelength the ________ the penetrating ability. | shorter, higher or longer, lower |
| The vast majority of radiation produced when taking an x-ray is ____________ radiation. | Bremsstrahlung(Brems) |
| Brems radiation makes up ___% of the primary beam in the ___ - ___ KvP range. | 90. 80-100 |
| For Brehms radiation, the energy of the resulting x-ray photon depends on two factors. Name those two factors. | 1. Distance of projectile electron from the nucleus of the atom. 2. the amount of energy lost. |
| Brems radiation is _________ or _________. | heterogeneous, polyenergetic |
| Brems x-ray energies can range from 0 KeV to a KeV equal to the ___. | KvP |
| An exposure was taken using 90 KvP. At what KeV can the highest number of x-rays be found and why? | 30KeV because that's 1/3 of 90 |
| Characteristic Radiation makes up ___% of the primary beam in the ___-___KvP range. | 10, 80-100 |
| What is the minimum number of shells that need to be involved to produce characteristic radiation? | 2 |
| With Tungsten, what is the lowest KvP at which characteristic radiation can be produced? | 69KvP |
| Characteristic x-ray emission spectrum for tunsgten contains ________ different x-ray energies. | fifteen |
| Name two factors that can increase the probability of forming characteristic radiation. | 1. incident electron must have a KeV > but close to the binding energy of the K shell electron. 2. Target should have a high atomic number. |
| List the four reasons why the primary beam is polyenergetic. | fluctuating Kv applied to the tube(small ripple in rectified voltage)2. combo of brems and characteristic radiations 3.multiple electron interactions with target atom 4.production of "off-focus radiation" |
| What is the formula used to calculate the efficiency of x-ray production? | (k)(Z)(KvP). k=.001 Z=74(tungsten) Kvp=amount of kvp used in exposure. |
| Electromagnetic radiation behaves as both a ____ and a _____ | wave, particle |
| Wavelength is _________ proportional to frequency | inversely |
| Photon Energy is __________ proportional to frequency | directly |
| What is the minimum wavelength for a an exposure at 100KvP | .124 Angstroms |
| What is the Photon Energy of a .1 Angstrom wave. | 124 KeV |
| The quality of a beam refers to the ability of the x-ray beam to _________ matter | penetrate |
| Beam quality can be specified in two ways. Name those two ways. | half-value layer. Applied Voltage(voltage) |
| What does half value layer refer to? | That thickness of a specified material which reduces the exposure rate to on half its initial value. |
| What does applied voltage refer to? | the peak KV used. |
| As the KvP goes up or as filtration is increased, what two quantities decrease? | longer wavelength x-rays and lower frequency x-rays |
| T or F the general shape of the emission spectrum is always different. | False it remains the same |
| What two factors can change the size and shape of the x-ray emission spectrum curve? | mA/mAs, kVP added filtration |
| How does mA/mAs change the x-ray emission spectrum curve? | the greater the mA/mAs the higher all the points on the curve will be. and vice versa |
| How does kVP change the x-ray emission spectrum curve? | greater the quantity, the greater the area under the curve. It increases the quantity and quality of x-rays produced. changes amplitude and position. |
| how does added filtration affect the x-ray emission spectrum curve? | added filtration more effectively absorbs low eveergy x-rays so the amplitude on the low-energy end decreases. |
| minimum wavelength=? | 12.4/KVP |
| Photon Energy= | 12.4/wavelength |
| %Efficiency=? | (K)(Z)(kVp) Where K=.0001; Z=74(tungsten); kVp=kvp of exposure. |
Created by:
aldo.banos